Lecture 4 - Liver spleen and pancreas Flashcards
Where is the liver found?
- under diaphragm
- right hypochondrium
- intraperiteoneal (except bare area)
What are the 3 functions of the liver?
- cleans toxins out of the blood
- gets rid of red blood cells
- makes bile to help food digestion
What is the blood supply of the liver?
coelic trunk via common hepatic artery
What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?
Diaphragmatic surface - related to inferior surface of the diaphragm
Visceral - related to other organs
How many lobes are on the diaphragmatic surface?
Right and left lobes
What are the ligaments of the diaphragmatic surface?
- Falciform ligament
- Ligamentum teres (round ligament) - free edge of falciform ligament
- Coronary ligament - BARE AREA
- Triangular ligament
What are parts of the visceral surface?
- Cuadate lobe
- Quadrate lobe
What are the impressions on the visceral surface?
gastric and renal
What is the porta hepatis?
- hepatic protal vein
- hepatic artery
- L/R hepatic ducts
enter and exit the liver
Where does venous drainage occur?
into inferior vena cava, NOT porta hepatis
Describe the hepatic portal system
Hepatic artery + hepatic portal vein (from GI tract) into liver
Hepatic vein out of liver
What are features of the hepatic portal system?
- checkpoint between GI tract and systemic venous system
- Eliminates toxins and metabolites (such as ammonia)
- Oxygen-poor/nutrient-rich blood
- From GI tract (lower oesophagus to upper anal canal) and other abdominal organs (spleen, pancreas) via SMV (superior mesenteric vein), IMV (inferior mesenteric vein), splenic and pancreatic veins
Where is the gallbladder found?
on posteroinferior surface of the liver, between right and quadrate lobes
What are the 3 parts of the gallbladder?
- Fundus
- Body - sits in the gallbladder fossa on the visceral surface of the liver
- Neck
What does the Gallbladder do?
- stores bile
Where is bile produced?
In the liver and stored in the gallbladder
What converge into the common hepatic duct?
Left and right hepatic ducts
What does the common hepatic duct receive?
the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct (travels posterior to the superior part of the duodenum and posterior to the head of the pancreas
What creates the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
Common bile duct joins pancreatic duct
Where does bile drains?
Bile drains via a sphincter into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
Where is the pancreas found?
Epigastric region and left hypochondrium (tail)
Posterior to stomach, sits within the C-shape of the duodenum
What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?
- head
- uncinate process
- neck
- body
- tail
Retroperitoneal except tail
What is the pancreas part of?
Part of the biliary tract - pancreatic duct and common bile duct merge at hepatopancreatic ampulla, then drain into the 2nd part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
What is the spleen?
lymphoid organ
Where is the spleen found?
left hypochondrium, protected by ribs 9-11
Intraperitoneal (with pancreatic tail)
What are the surfaces of the spleen?
Diaphragmatic and visceral
impressions:
- renal
- pancreatic
- gastric
Where are notches found on the spleen?
On the anterior and superior borders
what is the hilum?
Splenic artery enters and splenic vein exists
What is the abdominal blood supply?
Coeliac trunk –> foregut
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) –> midgut
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) –> hindgut
What is the order of arteries coming off the coeliac trunk?
- superior mesenteric artery
- renal arteries
- gonadal arteries
- inferior mesenteric artery
- bifurcation into L/R common iliac arteries
Where is the coeliac trunk found?
Foregut - at the level of T12, below diaphragm
What is suppled from the left gastric artery?
oesophagus & superior lesser curvature stomach
What is supplied by the splenic artery?
Neck, body and tail of pancreas & spleen.
What arteries come off from the splenic artery?
Short gastric arteries - fundus of stomach
Left gastroepiploic artery - superior greater curvature of the stomach
What arteries come the common hepatic artery?
Proper hepatic & Gastroduodenal
What does the proper hepatic artery supply?
liver and gallbladder
Also has right gastric artery –> inferior lessor curvature of the stomach
What does the gastroduodenal artery separate into?
right gastroepiploic artery –> inferior greater curvature of the stomach
superior pancreaticoduodenal artery –> superior part of duodenum and head of pancreas
