Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEDICINE > LECTURE 4: KINETIC THEORY AND MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PHENOMENA > Flashcards

LECTURE 4: KINETIC THEORY AND MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PHENOMENA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nature of the motion of gas molecules?

A

Free of the attractive forces which hold liquids and solids together, gas molecules travel randomly at high speeds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens if gas is confined in a container?

A
  • Gas molecules will have an increase in collisions with walls
  • Causing the pressure of gas on the walls of its containers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Is the process in which molecules intermingle as a result of random motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the energy like in Solid/Liquid particles?

A
  • Particles vibrate back and forth very rapidly.
  • Mutual force attraction between particles
  • Within the confines of their limited space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is energy called that leads to the transfer of molecules in diffusion?

A
  • Random kinetic energy of molecules - is the energy needed to transfer molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the equation for Fick’s law? (refer to notes for answer)

A

refer to slide

D = Coefficient of diffusion (m^2/s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the relationship between diffusion & area?

A

The rate of diffusion is proportional to the cross-sectional area A and to change in concentration per unit distance (concentration gradient)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can the rate of diffusion be increased?

A
  • By increasing the rate of motion of particles.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the role of surfactants in the lungs?

A
  • Surfactants increase the pulmonary compliance
  • Prevent the lungs of atelectasis (collapse of the lung) at the end of respiration
  • Facilitate requirement of collapsed airways
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the unit of measure of the coefficient of diffusion?

A

D = m^2/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the energy required for diffusion to happen?

A

Kinetic energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors can increase rate of diffusion?

A

Heating

Mechanical Stirring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ‘the concentration gradient’ mean?

A

This means the transfer of a given type of molecule through a semi permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why would red blood cells place in water burst?

A
  • Water will move cross the membrane into the cell due to less water concentration in red blood cells.
  • Causing a burst in red blood cells because of pressure in cell membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is osmosis?

A
  • Osmosis describes the diffusion of solvent across a membrane in which dissolved matter, or solute is left behind
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can you increase the speed that a substance dissolves in water?

A
  • It can be dissolved in water by heating
17
Q

What is the difference between osmosis and dialysis?

A
  • Osmosis is like diffusion, where molecules can mix through a semi-permeable membrane to more concentrated solution from more dilute solution

Dialysis is a medical process that helps perform functions of the kidney when the kidneys do not work.

18
Q

How does Dialysis work?

A

Dialysis is a medical process that helps perform functions of the kidney when the kidneys do not work.

19
Q

What is the function of the Superior Vena Cava?

A
  • SVC collects blood from the upper half of the body
20
Q

What is the function of the Inferior Vena Cava?

A
  • SVC collects blood from the lower half of the body
21
Q

How does blood flow throughout the human circulatory system?

A
  • Blood enters the right side of the heart through two veins (Superior Vena Cava & Inferior Vena Cava)
  • Blood leaves the SVC and IVC to enter the right atrium (RA)
  • When RA contracts, blood goes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle (RV)
  • When RV contracts, blood is pumped through the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery, and into the lungs to pick up oxygen
  • Oxygenated blood is returned to the heart from to left side of the heart where blood is returned fully oxygenated via pulmonary veins
  • The left atrium full of oxygenated blood contracts, blood travels through the mitral valve into left ventricle
  • LV pumps through the aortic valve and into the aorta. Were blood is pumped throughout the rest of the body
22
Q

Why does the Left Ventricle have thicker muscles?

A
  • The blood is pumped to the rest of the body through much higher pressure than general circulation (blood pressure)
23
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A
  • Is the minimum pressure which is need to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semi-permeable membrane or the measure of the tendency of solution to take in water by osmosis
24
Q

Why is blood pumped to the lungs first in the circulatory system?

A
  • As blood returns to the heart with relatively poor oxygen
25
Q

What is the difference between isotonic,, hypotonic, and hypertonic?

A

Isotonic Solutions - are solutions that have balanced osmotic pressure

Hypertonic solutions - are solutions where one solution is more concentrated than the other.

Hypotonic solutions - are solutions that less concentrated than other solutions

26
Q

Why do smaller capillaries cause liquids to rise further?

A
  • When the lower end is placed in liquid a concave meniscus is formed.
  • Adhesion occurs between the fluid and the solid inner wall pulling the liquid column up until it is a sufficient mass of liquid for gravitational forces to overcome intermolecular forces.
  • The contact length (around the edge) between the tip of the liquid and the column and tube is proportional to the radius of the tub, while the weight of the liquid column is proportional to the square of the tube’s radius.
  • So, the narrow tube draws liquid higher, given that the inner water molecules cohere sufficiently to outer ones.
27
Q

What factors determine the height of which liquid rise in capillary tubes?

A
  • The rise of fluid in a capillary tube is governed by the balance of cohesive and adhesive forces.
  • The narrower the radius, the greater the extent of raising or lowering of liquid.
28
Q

How does surface tension change the properties of antiseptic?

A

Antiseptics have a very low value of the surface tension
- The low value of surface tension prevents the formation of drops that otherwise block the entrance to the skin or wound

29
Q

How can plaque deposit affect blood vessels?

A
  • Plaque deposit on an artery or arteriole causes a drop in local blood pressure
  • Causing pressure differences between the tissue outside the vessel and that in the constriction area which causes the vessel to collapse
  • Causing momentary interpretation in blood flow. At this point, the speed of blood goes to zero
  • When pressure rises again and the vessel reopens. Causing blood to pass through the constricted artery
  • Internal pressure drops and the again artery to close
  • Leading to a decrease in local blood pressure and collapse of that vessel
30
Q

How does surface tension affect the size of drops using a medical dropper?

A

wc

31
Q

What causes capillarity?

A

Surface tension - due to forces of attraction between molecules and walls of containers

MEDICINE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions