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Pedo > Lecture 4: Fluoride and dental caries > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Fluoride and dental caries Flashcards

1
Q

what is the ideal concentration of fluoride to minimize fluorosis?

A

1 ppm

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2
Q

T/F there is no benefit from fluoridated water before tooth eruption

A

true

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3
Q

what type of cells create/lay down enamel?

A

ameloblasts

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4
Q

during the _____ stage, ameloblasts lay down protein matrix

A

secretory

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5
Q

during the _____ stage, ameloblasts fill crystal structure with minerals

A

maturation

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6
Q

high levels of F during the secretory stage causes

A
  • pitting

- disturbances in form

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7
Q

moderately high levels of F in the maturation phase causes

A
  • disruptions crystal formation
  • chalky whiteness
  • weakness of enamel
  • enamel may fracture or stain
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8
Q

T/F little fluoride is incorporated into enamel during the pre-eruptive maturation process

A

true

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9
Q

what is the enamel composition

A
  • 87% mineral (hydroxyapetite)
  • 11% water
  • 2% organic matrix
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10
Q

formula for hydroxyapetite

A

Ca-10, PO4-6, OH-2

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11
Q

what are some impurities in young tooth

A
  • carbonate
  • sodium
  • other ions
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12
Q

what are some of the replacements caused by post-eruptive enamel matruation

A
  • phosphate replaces carbonate
  • calcium replaces sodium
  • fluoride replaces hydroxyl
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13
Q

Hydroxyapatite dissolves if pH drops below _____

A

5.5

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14
Q

T/F acid continues to dissolve because H+ combines with PO4 and OH ions, le chatlier

A

true

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15
Q

if the pH remains above _____, flurohydroxyapatite forms on the surface when hydroxyapatite dissolves in the subsurface

A

4.5

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16
Q

T/F when pH raises above 5, F ions enhance remineralization of enamel and dentin

A

false, 5.5

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17
Q

T/F presence fo F at low levels in solution is more beneficial than high concentrations incorporated into enamel

A

true

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18
Q

T/F surface has more fluroride and less carbonate

A

true

19
Q

T/F outer enamel is more soluble than interior

A

false

20
Q

Areas covered by _____ have higher F levels

A

plaque

21
Q

when topical fluoride concentrations are ____, fluorhydroxyapatite is formed on the outermost layer of enamel

A

50 ppm

22
Q

when topical fluoride concentrations are _____, calcium fluoride precipitates

A

100 ppm

23
Q

T/F calcium fluoride provides temporary storage of F that is gradually dissolved

A

true

24
Q

CaF2 deposition is increased by

A
  • increasing concentration of F
  • increasing exposure time
  • lowering pH
  • protecting with limited rinsing or cover
25
Q

crystals do not grow due to _____ that coat the enamel surface

A
  • salivary pellicle proteins

- tyrosine rich peptides, statherin, proline-rich proteins

26
Q

T/F fluorosis can only occur when teeth are developing

A

true

27
Q

T/F exposure to F during development is a major determinant of F levels in enamel

A

false

28
Q

fluorosis severity and incidence correlated with _____

A

amount of exposure

29
Q

what teeth are at greatest risk for fluorosis?

A

central incisors

30
Q

F- binds to sites that would normally bind ____ and inhibits enzymes and regulatory proteins

A

OH

31
Q

T/F bacteria can develop resistance to F

A

false

32
Q

what enzyme does F inhibit to stop the production of lactase?

A

enolase

33
Q

T/F fluoride reduces that enrichment of acid-tolerant species

A

true

34
Q

Optimum benefit of fluoride presence during _____ challenge

A

acid

35
Q

concentration of toothpaste in US

A

1000 ppm F

36
Q

3 types of fluoridated toothpaste available

A
  • NaF2
  • monofluorophosphate (MPF)
  • SnF2 (stannous fluoride)
37
Q

what concentration of toothpaste is available for Rx?

A

5000 ppm

38
Q

T/F there is a direct relationship between the amount of toothpaste and caries

A

false

39
Q

concentration of fluoride rinses

A

200 ppm, 25% reduction in caries

40
Q

composition of professional fluoridation

A

1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride

41
Q

most effective professional product

A
  • fluoride varnish
  • 2.2% F as NaF
  • 40% reduction in caries
42
Q

T/F water fluoridation deposits CaF2 on the surface of the tooth

A

false

43
Q

T/F ingestion of fluoride carries risk of fluorosis

A

true

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