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Pedo > Lecture 3: The microbiology of dental caries > Flashcards

Lecture 3: The microbiology of dental caries Flashcards

1
Q

most common place where caries occur

A

pits and fissures

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2
Q

what type of caries are associated with patients with moderate to high caries increment, also diet related?

A

proximal and smooth surface caries

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3
Q

caries found at restoration margin

A

secondary caries

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4
Q

how do caries occur?

A

body’s salivary reminerlization can’t keep up with bacterial acid production

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5
Q

what initially stabilizes the enamel surface during demineralization?

A

pellicle protein

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6
Q

T/F initial demineralization is subsurface

A

true

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7
Q

T/F healing of a lesion is possible as long as the cavitation isn’t into dentin

A

false, as long as the surface is retained

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8
Q

remineralized tooth structure is stronger than virgin enamel because of incorporation of _____ into the ______

A

fluoride, hydroxyappetite crystal structure

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9
Q

bacteria that produce acid are ______

A

acidogenic

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10
Q

bacteria that survive acid are _____

A

aciduric

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11
Q

how do bacteria survive famine?

A
  • use multiple fermentable sugars at low concentrations

- accumulate storage polysaccharides

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12
Q

bacteria of initiation

A
  • streptococcus mutans
  • other strep, S. sobrinus, S. salvarius
  • veilonella
  • actinomyces
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13
Q

which acid metabolizes lactic acid, raising the pH?

A

veilonella

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14
Q

bacteria of progression

A
  • s. mutans
  • lactobacillus casei, rhamnosus, gasseri, fermentum
  • bifidobacterium and scardovia
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15
Q

what are the most common supragingival organisms?

A
  • step
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16
Q

types of mutans strep

A

s. mutans and s. sobrinus

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17
Q

types of mitis strep

A
  • s. sanguinis
  • s. parasanguinis
  • s. mitis
  • s. pneumoniae
  • s. gordonii
  • s. salivarius
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18
Q

what is the primary caries pathogen?

A

s. mutans

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19
Q

what bacteria does s. mutans attach to?

A

s. sanguinis

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20
Q

important characteristics of s. mutans

A
  • gram positive, cocci, facultative
  • ferments carbs
  • elaborate ECM
21
Q

what interferes with the transport and intracellular processes in s. mutans at low pH?

A

fluoride, diffuses into cell at low pH

22
Q

characteristics of S. sobrinus

A
  • associated with s. mutants (mutans)
  • strongly associated with caries
  • found in lower #’s than mutans
23
Q

what enzymes are affected by F-?

A
  • glucosyl-tranferase (bringing glucose into cell)

- enolase (formation of lactic acid)

24
Q

what is the earliest acquired oral bacteria?

A
  • s. mitis
25
Q

characteristics of s. mitis?

A
  • ubiquitous (found everywhere)
  • bond to salivary amylase
  • not cariogenic
26
Q

T/F s. mitis is cariogenic

A

false

27
Q

what bacteria is responsible for infective endocarditis?

A

s. sanguinis

28
Q

characteristics of s. sanguinis

A
  • in healthy (noncariogenic) plaque
  • gram positive, cocci, facultative
  • colonizes on pellicle
  • produces lactic acid at high pH
  • can survive without sugar (arginine hydrolase pathway)
29
Q

what is the product of the arginine hydrolase pathway?

A

NH3

30
Q

what are some niches of s. salvarius?

A

tongue and tooth

31
Q

characteristics of s. salvarius

A
  • associated with caries
  • detected in saliva, doesn’t grow there
  • excludes s. pyogenes (bacteriocin)
32
Q

what type of caries is actinomyces associated with?

A

root caries

33
Q

what is the structure of actinomyces?

A

filamentous

34
Q

T/F actinomyces is gram negative

A

false

35
Q

T/F veillonella ferments carbohydrates

A

false

36
Q

how does veillonella raise the pH?

A

ferments lactate to propionate

37
Q

T/F veilonella is a gram negative cocci

A

true

38
Q

characteristics of lactobacilli

A
  • important in deeplesions
  • gram positive rods
  • anaerobic (deep)
  • extremely acid tolerant
39
Q

T/F bifidobacterium and scardovia may be important in deep caries and are gram positive rods like lactobacilli

A

true

40
Q

T/F s. mutans binds to the pellicle via adhesins and s. sanginis binds to s. mutans via adhesins

A

false, other way around

41
Q

how does s. mutants attach to glucan?

A

via glucan binding protein

42
Q

T/F s. sanguinis beats s. mutans at high pH, but s. mutans does better at low pH fermenting sugars

A

true

43
Q

what two species of bacteria can grow at low pH?

A
  • s. mutans

- L. casei

44
Q

long term consequence of sugar consumption is more _____ in plaque

A

s. mutans

45
Q

what is an alkali-generating organism?

A

s. sanginis (NH3)

46
Q

T/F a person who constantly snacks normally has a resting pH 3 units below someone who doesn’t snack

A

false, 1 pH unit

47
Q

T/F all children have s. mutans

A

true

48
Q

what are the two targets of s. mutans vaccines?

A
  • glucosyl transferase

- binding proteins

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