Lecture 4: Flower, Fruit and Seed Morphology

Question 1

Androecium

Answer 1

stamen; anther and filament

Question 2

Gynoecium

Answer 2

Carpel; ovary, style and stigma

Question 3

perianth

Answer 3

petal= corolla
sepal= calyx

Question 4

nectaries

Answer 4

extensions of petals for pollen

Question 5

corona

Answer 5

extra showy parts to attract pollinators

Question 6

radial

Answer 6

actinomorphic

Question 7

bilateral

Answer 7

zygomorphic

Question 8

connate

Answer 8

similar parts are fused (syn-,sym-)

Question 9

adnate

Answer 9

fused unlike parts

Question 10

hypanthium

Answer 10

floral cup derived from the receptacle and floral tissue

Question 11

hypogynous

Answer 11

superior ovary

Question 12

perigynous

Answer 12

superior ovary, hypanthium -floral cup

Question 13

epigynous

Answer 13

inferior ovary, hypanthium adnate to ovary

Question 14

placentation

Answer 14

attachment of ovules to the ovary

Question 15

locule

Answer 15

chamber in the ovary

Question 16

complete flowers

Answer 16

flower with perianth, androecium and gynoecium

Question 17

incomplete flowers

Answer 17

lacking perianth, androecium or gynoecium

Question 18

bisexual/perfect flower

Answer 18

fertile androecium and gynoecium present

Question 19

unisexual/imperfect flower

Answer 19

a fertile androecium and gynoecium present. NOT both

Question 20

monoecious plant

Answer 20

staminate and carpellate flowers on the same plant

Question 21

dioecious plant

Answer 21

staminate and carpellate on different plants

Question 22

polygamous plant

Answer 22

has BOTH unisexual and bisexual flowers

Question 23

inflorescences

Answer 23

shoot system which forms the flowers

Question 24

determinate inflorescence

Answer 24

the shoot axis ends in a flower; terminal flower usually opens first

Question 25

indeterminate inflorescence

Answer 25

only lateral flowers/inflorescences produced, the growing point does not terminate in a flower; oldest flowers open first

Question 26

seed

Answer 26

a matured ovule with an embryo and nutritive tissues (endosperm, perisperm)

Question 27

radicle

Answer 27

embryonic root

Question 28

epicotyl

Answer 28

embryonic shoot

Question 29

cotyledons

Answer 29

seed leaves

Question 30

fruit

Answer 30

matured ovary; may include other fused floral parts

Question 31

pericarp

Answer 31

fruit wall

Question 32

dehiscent

Answer 32

opens at maturity

Question 33

indehiscent

Answer 33

doesn’t open

Question 34

achene

Answer 34

dry, indehiscent, thin wall surrounding seed (sunflower)

Question 35

berry

Answer 35

indehiscent, fleshy, one too many seeds (grape, orange)

Question 36

capsule

Answer 36

dry (usually), dehiscent from a multi carpellate gynoecium (poppy)

Question 37

caryopsis

Answer 37

(grain) dry, indehiscent, thin wall fused to seed (wheat)

Question 38

drupe

Answer 38

fleshy, indehiscent, with one ore more hard pits

Question 39

legume

Answer 39

dry, from a single carpel, opening along two sutures (peanut)

Question 40

nut

Answer 40

dry, indehiscent, thick wall surrounding a single seed

Question 41

samara

Answer 41

dry, indehiscent, winged fruit with usually one seed (birch, elm)

Question 42

silique

Answer 42

from a 2-carpellate, gynoecium. the two halves split away from the center partition to shed the seeds (canola)

Question 43

pome

Answer 43

fleshy indehiscent with the center containing papery structures enclosing the seeds