Lecture 4 Exam

Question 1

In a lysogenic infection, the phage DNA becomes ____ Into the host cell’s chromosome, at this point the phage DNA is called a

Answer 1

integrated…. prophage.

Question 2

Which of the following surrounds (is found just outside) the nucleic acid in a virus?

Answer 2

Capsid

Question 3

Most scientists do not consider viruses to be alive because:

Answer 3

they only multiply inside a host cell.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses?

Morphology
Biochemical tests
Nuckcic acid
Envelope
Size

Answer 4

Biochemical tests

Question 5

Why are there fewer types of antiviral drugs than antibacterial drugs?

Answer 5

Viruses don’t have very many different types of enzymes or other molecules that can be used as drug targets.

Question 6

Chicken pox is caused by what type of virus?

Answer 6

herpes virus

Question 7

Which of the following stages in viral replication is most likely to damage the host cell?

Answer 7

release of lytic viruses

Question 8

Embryonated chicken eggs are most commonly used to produce vaccines against:

Answer 8

influenza

Question 9

Which step in virus multiplication comes immediately AFTER uncoating?

Answer 9

Biosynthesis

Question 10

Know what a complex virus looks like (picture shows many

Answer 10

Bug looking one

Question 11

These infectious RNA molecules are mostly plant pathogens:

Answer 11

Viroids

Question 12

You receive a call frem a friend whe is concerned about a new virus he heard about on the news. He calls it H6N11. We knows that you did well in your microbiology class (and that you read the assigned articles), so he asks you what type of disease this virus causes what do you tell him?

Answer 12

infuenza

Question 13

A virus may contain any of the following, except

spike proteins
capsid proteins
single-strandad RNA
ribosomes
Lipid envelope

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

I cause a rash, but I don’t cause Koplik’s spots. I mostly affect children. Who am I?

Answer 14

rubella

Question 15

What is the relationship between the RO value for a disease and the threshold for herd immunity?

Answer 15

A high RO value means a high threshold for herd immunity.

Question 16

In a healthy human, the normal flora would be found in all of the following areas, except:

tooth and gum surfaces
nasal passages
conjunctiva
lower urethra
bloodstream

Answer 16

Bloodstream

Question 17

Women who have a healthy population of Lactobacillus as part of their normal vaginal flora are less likely to get yeast infections. Which of the following terms is used to explain this observation?

Answer 17

Competitive exclusion

Question 18

A period of illness is immediately followed by a(n):

Answer 18

Period of decline

Question 19

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

infectious disease - a disease caused by a pathogen
chronic - an illness that persists for at least 3 months
etiology - the science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they’re transmitted
pathology - the scientifc study of disease

Answer 19

etiology - the science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they’re transmitted

Question 20

The occurrence of streptococcal bronchopneumonia in an individual recovering from influenza is best described as an

Answer 20

secondary infection

Question 21

A housefly picks up Salmonella typhi (the bacterium that causes typhoid fever) on its feet from the feces of an infected person, and transfers the microbe to the food of an unsuspecting healthy individual. That individual then eats the food. This type of transmission is best described as

Answer 21

mechanical

Question 22

Which of the following statements about symbioses is true?

The organisms in a symbiotic relationship cannot survive without each other
At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship
A parasite is not in a symbiotic relationship with its host
Symbiosis refers to different organisms living together and always benefitting from each other

Answer 22

At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship

Question 23

Which of the following is not necessary to satisfy Koch’s postulates?

Answer 23

The organism must cause disease through toxin production.

Question 24

The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is published by the:

Answer 24

CDC

Question 25

A patient experiences pain and discomfort. These changes in the patient's body function are referred to as:

Answer 25

symptoms

Question 26

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT? Endemic a discase that is constantly present in a population Epidemic - total fraction of the population having a disease at a specifod time Incidence - number of new cases of a discase Sporadic - a disease that affects a population occasionally Pandemic - a disease that affects a large number of pouple in the world in a short time

Answer 26

•Epidemic - total fraction of the population having a disease at a specifod time

Question 27

the bacterial species found in the placenta are most similar to those found in the ___ of adults.

Answer 27

Mouth

Question 28

The key factor responsible for the rise in drug-resistant pathogens is:

Answer 28

inappropriate use of antimicrobial therapy.

Question 29

Colonization of a patient's bile duct by Pseudomonas during gallbladder surgery is an example of:

Answer 29

Nosocomial infection.

Question 30

All members of the seven families for whom Mary Mallon prepared meals developed typhoid fever. Mary did not get sick. This is an example of a/an

Answer 30

Carrier state

Question 31

In the human intestinal tract, E. coli produces vitamins beneficial to the host and can inhibit pathogen growth. In turn, the bacterium is supplied with nutrients and an environment for growth by its host. This symbiotic relationship between E. coli and its human host is an example of

Answer 31

mutualism

Question 32

which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for disease? occupation Lifestyle climate preexisting iliness nationality

Answer 32

Nationality

Question 33

The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is:

Answer 33

Mucous membranes of the respiratory tract.

Question 34

Which of these statements is true regarding portals of exit? In most cases, a microbe uses the same portal for both entry and exit. Polioviruses most often use the respiratory portal of exit The urinary tract is the most common portal of exit. The portal of exit for chicken pox, measles, and smallpox is the skin.

Answer 34

In most cases, a microbe uses the same portal for both entry and exit.

Question 35

Which organism is most virulent? Escherichio col O157:H7. ID 50=20 Shigella dysenteriae. ID60=10 Treponema pallidum. ID40=57 Legionella pneumophila. ID 50=1

Answer 35

Legionella pneumophila. ID 50=1

Question 36

patient has a Neisseria meningitides infection. The infection has been treated by antibiotics, and the patient has been feeling better. Quite suddenly she develops a severe fever and begins complaining of aches in her body. What has happened?

Answer 36

The dead Neisseria have lysed and released Lipid A.

Question 37

Whether or not a microbe can cause disease in a host is referred to as:

Answer 37

pathogenicity

Question 38

Visible signs of a viral infection are called cytopathic effects. All of the following are examples of cytopathic effects, EXCEPT. cell death from the release of lysosomal enzymes the fusion of mitochondria with ribosomes antigenic changes on the surface of an infected cell the formation of inclusion bodies

Answer 38

the fusion of mitochondria with ribosomes

Question 39

Pathogens that are discharged from the respiratory tract can cause which of the following diseases?

Answer 39

whooping cough

Question 40

The most common (and most difficult to control) portal of exit is:

Answer 40

Respiratory

Question 41

Which of the following does not help the body fight disease?

Answer 41

Leukocidin

Question 42

Why are some diseases considered "infectious?"

Answer 42

They are caused by the infection of a susceptible host by a pathogen.

Question 43

A patient developed inflammation a few hours after eye surgery. LAL testing of the surgical instruments produced a positive result. Therefore, the patient's inflammation was due to:

Answer 43

endotoxin.

Question 44

Which bacteria would be most likely to evade a macrophage?

Answer 44

Mycobacterium

Question 45

Which of the following statements about bacterial enzymes is FALSE? Coagulase destroys blood clots. IRA protease destroys IpA antibodies Hemolysin destroys red blood cells. Leukocidin destroys certain Icukocytes

Answer 45

Coagulase destroys blood clots.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is TRUE They are antibacterial chemicals produced by human cells. They are found in the outer part of Gram-negative cell walls They are used by some bacteria to obtain iron for growth. They are proteins that can cause diseases such as scarlet fever.

Answer 46

They are proteins that can cause diseases such as scarlet fever.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a way fungi cause disease?

Answer 47

by using antigenic variation

Question 48

What do capsules, mycolic acid, and LPS have in common?

Answer 48

They can all help bacteria avoid destruction by phagocytosis.

Question 49

What are the granules found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of some virus-infected cells:

Answer 49

inclusion bodies