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Health Promotions > Lecture 4 exam > Flashcards

Lecture 4 exam Flashcards

1
Q

What year do kids go through their most rapid changes in physical growth and development?

A

Within first year of life

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2
Q

who gains more weight, a formula fed infant or a breastfed infant?

A

Formula fed infant

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3
Q

How much taller do 6 months old get monthly?

A

1 inch per month for 6 months

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4
Q

what is the cognitive and psychosocial stage for a infant to 1 years of age

A

Trust versus Mistrust

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5
Q

how much does a babies brain account for its weight?

A

10-12%

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6
Q

How much does a 12 month old baby grow in weight

A

it triples in weight

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7
Q

How much do the lungs of a first year grow?

A

3x their weight and 6x their volume from birth

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8
Q

What are 1 year old’s have a higher risk for?

A

Ear infection and fluid & electrolyte imbalance

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9
Q

How much does the cardiovascular system grow at 1 years of age

A

Pulmonary circulation increases, heart doubles in size and weight, and heart
gradually slows while BP increases.

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10
Q

Why are infants at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance?

A

The kidney is not effective as a filtration organ yet

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11
Q

How many teeth may a infant get by 1 year

A

may have 6

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12
Q

Describe dental care for a infant

A

Wipe teeth twice a day
No toothpaste until child is able to spit it out & not swallow toothpaste
Visit dentist early
6 months after 1st primary tooth and no later than 12 months

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13
Q

What happens if you give a infant juice or formula before bed

A

baby bottle tooth decay

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14
Q

What are the infant Markers that tell you that your infant is ready for solid food

A

Able to sit

Infant weighs at least 13 lbs

Can reach for objects, maintains balance

Indicates a desire for food

Extrusion reflex has disappeared

Moves food to back of throat & swallows during spoon feedings

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15
Q

What kind of food should your infant be introduced to first and why?

A

First food usually iron-fortified rice cereal

High in iron, easily digested, low allergic probability

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16
Q

Do you introduce fruits or vegetables first?

A

vegetables

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17
Q

How should you introduce foods to your infant?

A

One at a time for several days before introducing another to identify food intolerance or allergy

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18
Q

When should you introduce fruits and veggies?

A

6-8 months of age

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19
Q

when should you introduce strained meats or proteins?

A

8-10 months of age

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20
Q

when should finger foods be introduced?

A

8-10 months when the infants palmar and then pincer grasps develop and teeth begin to erupt.

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21
Q

What foods should a infant avoid?

A

Avoid hot dogs, hard vegetables, candy, whole grapes, peanut butter, marshmallows, seeds, popcorn, & nuts

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22
Q

What should the nurse encourage for parents who’s infant are starting to eat finger foods?

A

Encourage parents to remain with infants and small children when they are eating finger foods

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23
Q

When should eggs be introduced?

A

around 1 year of age

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24
Q

when should Peanuts, nuts, fish, and shellfish be introduced?

A

3-4 years of age

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25
Q

Why shouldn’t you introduce honey to a child at a young age?

A

risk for botulism

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26
Q

What vitamin supplementation should be started right away for infants and what does it prevent?

A

Vitamin D and prevents rickets

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27
Q

describe general Nutrition guidance’s that a nurse will give to a parent with a infant

A

Iron Fortified cereal at 4-6months

Pureed fruits, vegetables, rice 6-8 months

Finger foods 8-12 months

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28
Q

describe an activity guidance that a nurse will give to a parent with a infant

A

0-2 months: music, rocking, cuddling, reading

3-6 months: play with fingers/toes, toys (rattles, stuffed animals, musical toys)

6-12 months: peek-a-boo, nesting cups, teething toys, music for naps/sleep, blocks

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29
Q

describe a sleep guidance that a nurse will give to a parent with a infant

A

Infants: sleep 17-20 hrs/day, varies

sleep decrease over the first year

Allow infant to self sooth

Should regulate between sleep/wake cycles

SIDS PREVENTION

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30
Q

What age are all 20 baby teeth present

A

around 30 months of age

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31
Q

what is the average weight gain and height increase yearly for a 1-3 year old.

A

Average wt gain is 5 lbs per year. its quadrupled from birth

Average increase in ht is 3 inches per year. children attain half of their adults height between age 2 and 3

32
Q

How does learning occur for a toddler

A

by trial and error

33
Q

what are the age groups of growth

A 
infant 0-12 months
toddlers 12-36 months
preschooler 3-5 years
school age 6-12 years
adolescent 12-20 years
34
Q

what is parallel play for toddlers?

A

children play alongside one another but not with one another

35
Q

what is the best way to solve a temper tantrum

A

Best way to deal with it is to safely isolate and ignore the child

36
Q

what is expressive jargon for a toddler

A

unintelligible words with normal speech intonations as if truly communicating in words

37
Q

what is the vocabulary of a 2 year old

A

300 words

38
Q

how does a parent deal with expressive jargon?

A

Assisting them to utilize effective communication is a vital need during this stage of development

39
Q

where is the growth mostly done for a preschooler?

A

arms and legs

40
Q

for a preschooler, what is associative play?

A

group play without group goals. Play is imitative, dramatic, & creative

41
Q

average weight and height gain yearly for a preschooler?

A

Average wt gain is 5lbs per year and ht is 2-3 inches per year.

42
Q

what is the nutrition guide for a nurse on a preschooler?

A

Nutrition

Reinforce good eating habits with parents

Eat about half as much as adults

Food jags

Obesity risks

Physiologic anorexia

43
Q

what is the sleep and dental guide for a nurse on a preschooler?

A

Sleep
10-12 hours sleep/night
Dental

Importance of good dental hygiene (proper teeth cleaning, removal of plaque, flossing, balanced diet)

44
Q

when is the first baby tooth lost?

A

6 years of age

45
Q

what age range is when 28 of the 32 permanent teeth erupt?

A

6-12

46
Q

What age does Cooperative play finally begine?

A

between ages 6-12

47
Q

What are the top 3 health risks in order for 12-20 years of age?

A

Accidents—leading cause of death

Homicide—2nd leading cause of death

Suicide—3rd leading cause of death

48
Q

what are the 3 stages of separation anxiety?

A
  1. Protest
  2. Despair
  3. Detachment
49
Q

Should children who are immunocompromised receive live bacterial or viral vaccines?

A

absolutely not

50
Q

How much do babies grow in weight by 6 months?

A

They double their weight

51
Q

When should you introduce solid foods to your baby?

A

6 months of age

52
Q

When should the anterior fontenelle close up for a baby?

A

around a year old

53
Q

at what age will a child likely be able to bring objects to its mouth at will?

A

3 months of age

54
Q

what type of play will a toddler engage in?

A

parallel play

55
Q

What are some readiness signs for toilet training for a two year old

A

The child remains dry during a nap or two hours during the day

The child shows interest in toilet training

the child is verbalizing when they are peeing or pooping

56
Q

what age group would a nurse be most concerned about regarding the risk of choking and why?

A

8-12 months of age because this is when they start to explore things orally and their able to pick small object up

57
Q

If you are taking a MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) what type of foods are you going to avoid?

A

tyramine containing foods

58
Q

Why is it not recommended to give children aspirin?

A

Reye syndrome

59
Q

What foods contain tyramine?

A

Cured meats like sausage and pepperoni
Cheeses
Sauerkraut

60
Q

How is Dysthymia classified?

A

Depressed mood for 2 years with at least 2 additional depression symptoms

61
Q

How is major depressive disorder classified?

A

5 clinical findings everyday for at least 2 weeks

62
Q

Nursing priorities for a patient experiencing an acute anxiety attack include what?

A

Maintain calm, supportive environment

Maintain safety and prevent injury

Walk with the patient if they are pacing

63
Q

What clinical features is most likely to be seen in patients with mild anxiety?

A

heightened perception, irritability, restlessness, and increased motivation

64
Q

What clinical features is most likely to be seen in patients with moderate anxiety?

A

shaking, tremors, having trouble focusing, pounding heart, tremor in voice, increase HR and respirations

65
Q

What clinical features is most likely to be seen in patients with severe anxiety?

A

ineffective problem solving, hyperventilation, sense of doom, person may appear dazed, confused or unresponsive.

66
Q

What clinical features are most likely to be seen in patients with a panic attack?

A

Loss of reality, confusion, screaming, loss of rational thought, erratic physical behavior.

67
Q

What are the symptoms used to classify Dysthymic disorder

A
  • decreased or increased appetite
    • insomnia or hypersomnia
    • low energy or chronic fatigue
    • decreased self-esteem
    • Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions
    • Feelings of hopelessness or despair
68
Q

What 2 hormone are related to depression?

A

Serotonin and Norepinephrine

69
Q

What 2 classes of medications should not be taken within 14 days of MAO inhibitors?

A

SSRI’s and SNRI’s

70
Q

What do SSRI’s do?

A

Block the neuronal uptake of serotonin

71
Q

what do SNRI’s do?

A

Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

72
Q

what do TCA’s do?

A

Inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the neurons

73
Q

what do MAO inhibitors do?

A

Reduces the inactivation of brain amines, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine

74
Q

what is the 1st and 2nd line for depression

A

1st line is SSRI’s

2nd line is SNRI’s

75
Q

What are some side effects of ECT

A

confusion, memory loss, headache, nausea.

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