Exam 3 Flashcards
How frequent should Clinical Breast exams be done for people who are 20-39 years old
Every 3 years
How frequent should Clinical Breast exams be done for people who are 40 plus years old
Yearly
Women ages 21 and 29 should have a Pap test how frequent?
Every 3 years
Women of the age of 30-65 should have a Pap test how frequent?
Every 5 years
Women of the age 30-65 should have what with a Pap test?
HPV test
What is a Colposcopy
Exam of cervix with microscope that magnifies the view
Treatment after abnormal Pap test
Colposcopy, Cryotherapy, and Laser cutting
what is the recommended gynecologic screening method
LEEP (Loop Electosurgical Excision Procedure)
What is Menopause
the time when menses ceases; ovaries stop responding to hormone levels
what happens during Menopause
Increase FSH, Decrease in estrogen, menses ceases, and ovaries stop responding to hormones
When is Menopause diagnosed
12 months of amenorrhea
What is amenorrhea
The absence of menstruation
what is Perimenopause
the period preceding menopause and one year after cessation of menses
how long can Perimenopause last and average age of onset
Can last 2-7 years and happens usually around 45-50 years old
Symptoms of Menopause
Changes in menstrual cycle
Atrophic changes in vagina, vulva, urethra and bladder
Hot flashes
insomnia
How to manage symptoms of Menopause
Hormone replacement therapy
Complimentary and alternative therapies
Diet and Nutrition: high fiber, low fat, Vit. D and calcium, Phytoestrogens (found in soy products) some herbs
Wt. Bearing and low impact aerobics (prevention of osteoporosis)
What is bacterial Vaginosis
Excessive amount of thin watery, yellow-gray discharge with foul odor
what is the Treatment of vaginosis
Non-pregnant woman: metronidazole or clindamycin
Pregnant: metronidazole (Flagyl) or clindamycin in 2nd trimester
what is the bacteria usually responsible for yeast infections
Candida Albicans
what is the most common form of vaginitis
Yeast Infection
symptoms of yeast infection
Thick, curdy vaginal discharge, severe itching, dysuria, and dyspareunia
of the 15 million new STI cases each year how many are teenagers
roughly 25%
Symptoms of Trichomoniasis
Yellow-green, frothy odorous discharge
Inflammation of vagina & cervix
Dysuria and dyspareunia
What is the most common STI in the US
Chlamydia
symptoms of Chlamydia
Thin or purulent discharge, burning and frequency or urination
Lower abd. pain
treatment for Chlamydia
azithromycin, doxycycline, or levofloxacin.
symptoms of Gonorrhea
Purulent, greenish yellow discharge
Dysuria and urinary frequency
No treatment can lead to infertility
treatment for Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone IM
Symptoms of PID
Bilateral sharp, cramping pain in lower quadrants Fever Chill purulent vaginal discharge Irregular bleeding May also be asymptomatic
Treatment for PID
Inpatient: IV fluids, pain medications and IV antibiotics
Outpatient antibiotics: Ofloxacin (Floxin)
when is Infertility diagnosed
lack of conception despite unprotected sexual intercourse for at least 12 months
types of Infertility
Sterility and Subfertility
What is sterility
Term applied when there is an absolute factor preventing reproduction
what is Subfertility
Term used to describe a couple that has difficulty conceiving because both partners have reduced fertility
what hormone surges 24-36 hours after ovulation
LH
Assessment for ovulatory factors
Surge of LH, Basal body temp, Ovulation Predictor kits
what is Endometrial Biopsy
Gives info about effects of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation and endometrial receptivity
What are the evaluations for cervical factors
Spinnbarkeit
Ferning Capacity
what test evaluates cervical mucus, sperm motility, sperm-mucus interaction
Postcoital/Huhner test
how many hours do couples have intercourse before Postcoital/Huhner test
6-12 hours
what is the first and least expensive test done for Male infertility
sperm analysis
what is a pharmacological method to treat infertility?
Clomid
what does Clomid do
induces ovulation
how many women usually become pregnant using Clomid
40%
What benchmarks do women need to meet to use Clomid
normal ovaries, normal prolactin level and in intact pituitary gland
side effects of Clomid
visual disturbances
Hot flashes
when is Vitro Fertilization used
Used when infertility is due to tubal factors, mucus abnormalities, male infertility
what is Vitro fertilization
Ova removed, fertilized, returned to uterus after normal embryo development has begun
what does GIFT stand for
gamete introfallopian transfer
what does ZIFT stand for
Zygote introfallopian transfer
what is ZIFT
Ova fertilized outside the body
Fertilized ova placed in distal fallopian tube
It enter uterus naturally
what does TET stand for
tubal embryo transfer
what is TET
Eggs retrieved and incubated with sperm
Retuned back at much earlier stage of cell division than IVF
Placed in fallopian tubes
what is syphilis treated with
Penicillin G
does Herpes Genitalis have a cure
No Known Cure
symptoms of Syphilis
slight fever, loss of weight and malaise
Chancre persists for about 4 weeks
What are the 4 Parenting styles and their definitions
Authoritative parents—Warm but firm
Authoritarian Parents –little warmth & highly controlling
Permissive Parents—Warm & undemanding
Uninvolved Parents—not warm or involved
What are the 6 family assessments
Family structure Roles within the family Physical Health status Interactions patterns Family values Coping Resources
what are the 6 indicators of stress in the family?
Inability by the family or a member to act on recommended treatments
Various somatic complaints among family members
High Anxiety
Depression
Problems in school
Drug use
What is a Nuclear Family
Children live in the household with both biological parents and no one else
What is Extended family
couples shares household and childbearing responsibilities with parents, siblings, or other relatives
What is Blended family
two families living together
What is communal family
Living together as extended families
What are the 3 Learning Domains and their definitions
Cognitive Learning
“Thinking or understanding”
Affective Learning
“Feeling or attitude”
Psychomotor Learning
“Skill”
What pattern of basal body temp indicates ovulation
Her temperature dips then rises
Should a patient with a IUD check for the string after each menses
Yes
what is used with a diaphragm
Spermicide
When should a Cervical cap be used
Before intercourse and 6 hours after
