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BM1002: Anatomy - Principles and Systems > Lecture 4: Connective Tissue Part 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Connective Tissue Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage is ___, ___ and more ___ than bone.

A

Stronger, lighter, flexible.

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2
Q

What are the three components of cartilage?

A
  1. Cells
  2. Fibres
  3. Ground Substance
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3
Q

What produces the extracellular matrix?

A

The chrondoblasts and chrondocytes.

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4
Q

What structure surrounds cartilage (except articular cartilage)?

A

The perichondrium which is dense irregular connective tissue.

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5
Q

How does cartilage gain nutrients considering is lacks all vessels?

A

Through diffusion.

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6
Q

What are the two cell types found in cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts (stem cells) and chrondocytes (mature blasts).

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7
Q

Where are chrondocytes located and what is their function?

A

Located in isogenic groups surrounded by ECM. The function is to secrete and maintain the ECM.

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8
Q

Where are the chrondoblasts located and what is their function?

A

Derived from mesenchymal cells in the perichondrium. Their function is to secrete the ECM of cartilage.

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9
Q

What are the four layers in this structure of cartilage?

A

Perichondrium, cartilage, loose connective tissue, respiratory epithelium (top to bottom).

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10
Q

What are the two types of growth patterns of cartilage?

A

Interstitial and appositional.

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11
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

The division of chondrocytes by mitosis to make more matrix.

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12
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Where mesenchymal cells in the perichondrium differentiate into chondroblasts.

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13
Q

What is the perichondrium?

A

The dense irregular tissue that surrounds cartilage. (All but articular cartilage).

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14
Q

What are the cells of the perichondrium called?

A

Condrogenic cells.

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15
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic cartilage

All contain chondrocytes but differences arise in the ECM.

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16
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage and what is its main function?

A

The function of hyaline cartilage is to resist compressive forces due to high water content.

17
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A
18
Q

What type of cartilage is this?

A
19
Q

What type of cartilage is this? Insert histology of elastic cartilage ppt. pg. 25.

A

Elastic cartilage.

20
Q

The ECM of elastic cartilage contains ___ and ___.

A

Collagen (type II) and elastin fibres.

21
Q

Cartilage is avascular and thus gains nutrients via ___ only.

A

Diffusion.

22
Q

How is cartilage repaired?

A

The differentiation of cells from the perichondrium.

23
Q

Why is articular cartilage difficult to repair?

A

There is no perichondrium.

24
Q

What are the three regions of a long bone?

A
  1. Proximal epiphysis
  2. Diaphysis
  3. Distal epiphysis
25
Q

What are the three components of bone and what gives bones rigidity?

A
  1. Cells
  2. Fibres
  3. Ground Substance

The rigidity is formed from the mineralisation of the ECM.

26
Q

What are the four types of bone cells?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor cells (stem cells)
  2. Osteoblasts (bone forming cells)
  3. Osteocytes
  4. Osteoclasts
27
Q

What are the three main functions of bone?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Calcium homeostasis
28
Q

Bones exist in what two forms?

A
  1. Woven (immature)
  2. Lamellar (mature) – is compact and spongy
29
Q

Where is the periosteum (tough connective tissue layer) located?

A

The outermost layer of the bone, surrounding the other structures.

30
Q

What type of immature bone has random organisation of collagen fibres?

A

Woven bone.

31
Q

What type of bone is dense and organised with osteons and a lateral canal?

A

Compact bone (fibres and matrix create strength and rigidity).

32
Q

What shape are osteons and where do they run from?

A

Osteons are cylindrical and run the length of compact bone.

33
Q

What is the function of an osteon?

A

The function is to provide a canal for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics while resisting vertical compression.

34
Q

How do blood vessels supply osteons?

A

Through lateral canals.

35
Q

Where do the arteries come from that supply the bone?

A

The periosteum.

36
Q
A

BM1002: Anatomy - Principles and Systems (6 decks)

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