Lecture 4

Question 1

List and explain John Dryden’s three categories.

Answer 1

1. Metaphrase: word by word and line by line, literal translation.
2. Paraphrase: involves changing whole phrase and more or less corresponds to faithful or sense for sense translation.
3. Imitation: free translation and is more or less adaptation.

Question 2

List Dolet’s five principles of translation.

Answer 2

1. The translator must perfectly understand the sense and material of the original author, although he should feel free to clarify obscurities.
2. The translator should have perfect knowledge of both SL and TL, so as not to lessen the majesty of the language.
3. The translator should avoid word-for-word rendering.
4. The translator should avoid Latinate and unusual forms.
5. The translator should assemble and liaise words eloquently to avoid clumsiness

Question 3

List Tytler’s three general laws of translation.

Answer 3

1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.
2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character of that of the original.
3. The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

Question 4

List Yan Fu’s three translation principles.

Answer 4

1. Fidelity (xin)
2. Fluency (da)
3. Elegance (ya)

Question 5

Schleiermacher is recognized as the founder of __________ and __________ .

Answer 5

Modern Protestant theology, modern hermeneutics.