Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Embryo > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the division on the somite of where the brain and spinal cord are formed?

A

between the 4th and 5th somite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Everything about the 4th somite is what?

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Below the 4th somite

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

Everything that leaves the CNS.

Ganglia, cranial nerves, enteric plexus and sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Divisions of the PNS

A
  1. Somatic (controls voluntary movements; motor and sensory)

2. Autonomic (involuntary; motor and sensory as well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ex. Nerves in the somatic NS

A
  1. Greater occipital N
  2. Ulnar nerve
  3. Median nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MOTOR components of the Autonomic NS

A

The SYMPATHETIC and PARASYMPATHETIC NS are both motor components of the autonomic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is the autonomic NS voluntary and involuntary?

A

involuntary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Grey matter is a collection of unmyelinated CB and neurons. Grey matter is made up of 3 parts:

  1. Dorsal horns (sensory information).
  2. Lateral horns (autonomic information)
  3. Anterior horns (motor information)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dorsal horns

A

Dorsal horns are located in grey matter. They hold the CB of sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lateral horns

A

Lateral horns are located in grey matter. They hold the CB of autonomic neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anterior horns

A

Anterior horns are located in grey matter. They hold the CB of motor neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

We only see lateral horns that hold autonomic neurons where?

A

T1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is white matter?

A

white matter is made up of mylenated axons that are stored in three areas:

  1. Dorsal funiculus (sensory pathway)
  2. Lateral funiculus (sensory and motor pathways)
  3. Anterior funiculus (primarily motor pathways)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the structure of the neural tube?

A

The neural tube will be made up of 2 plates separated by the sulcus limitans:

  1. Alar plate
  2. Basilar plate

The neural tube also has a central canal called a neural canal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the alar plate?

A

The alar plate will contains CNS sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the basilar plate?

A

The basilar plate will contain CNS motor neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Zones of the spinal cord

A

The spinal cord will have 3 zones

  1. Ventricular zone (located directly next to the central canal)
  2. Intermediate zone
  3. Marginal zone

====VIM=====

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the intermediate zone make?

A

Grey matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the marginal zone make?

A

white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What cells are found in the ventricular zone of the spinal cord?

A

In the ventricular zone, we find stem cells. Stem cells can either migrate to the intermediate zone create cells that stay in the ventricular zone of the spinal cord.

Ependymoblasts are found here and can make

  1. Ependymal cells
  2. Choroid plexus cells, which make CSF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What cells are made in the intermediate zone?

A

Grey matter- neurons and glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cells are made in the marginal zone

A

Marginal is white matter

So axons and oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cells of the nervous system that are from the neuroectoderm (specially the neural tube)

A
  1. Ependyma
  2. Epithelium of choroid plexus
  3. Oligodendrocytes
  4. Astrocytes
  5. Axons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cells from the NS from MESODERM
Mesenchymal cells and microglial cells
26
Development of the spinal cord
During development (in utero), the spinal cord and the vertebral column are the same length. However, by the time of birth, the vertebral column is bigger because it has grown faster and the spinal cord extends roots to form the cauda equina.
27
If you wanted to give a newborn a lumbar puncture, where would it be at?
L3/L4 because their spinal cord ends at L2/L3.
28
Adult spinal cord will end where?
L1/L2.
29
How do we form the spinal cord?
In order to create our spinal cord; we have to begin with our neural tube. Our neural tube must have a dorsal (sensory) end and a ventral (motor) end as a precursor for our spinal cord. This is created by a concentration gradient of BMP and SHH. High levels of BMP= + PAX 3 and PAX 7= cause the formation of our alar plate (location of sensory neurons) High levels of SHH= +NXK2.2 and NKX 6.1= formation of our basilar plate (location of motor neurons)
30
How do we create our ventral motor neurons to go into our basilar plate?
Slightly decrease levels of SHH and slightly increase levels of BMP.
31
Formation of the spinal cord is the formation of what?
CNS. So yay. We just made our CNS!
32
What cells are going to form the PNS?
1. Neural crest cells | 2. Ectodermal placode
33
Cells that develop from the neural tube are
1. motor neurons | 2. pre-ganglionic autnomic neurons
34
Cells the develop from neural crest cells are what?
Sensory neurons and ganglia, schwaan cells Sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
35
What are dorsal roots and where do they come from?
Hold sensory information neural crest cells
36
What are ventral root neurons and where do they come from
transfer motor infomation neuroectoderm
37
What are spinal nerves and where do they come from
Sensory nerves and motor nerves. It depends Sensory= neural crest Motor= neuroectoderm
38
What are dorsal ramus where do they go What are they derived from
Dorsal rami are a mix of motor and spinal nerves that send infornation from the TRUE back muscles and the skin. They are derived from the epimere.
39
What are the ventral ramus Where do they go What are they derived from
Ventral rami are a mix of motor and spinal nerves that innervate muscles of the hypomere. Motor and sensory info go to limbs, lateral and ventral body wall.
40
What are efferent neurons
carry signals away from your brain--> muscle to carry out motor movements
41
What are afferent neurons
Sensory neurons that carry info to your spine
42
General somatic efferent neurons Where are they derived from
motor neurons that carry information to somatic muscles (from somites) From neuroectoderm
43
General visceral efferent neurons Where are they derived from
motor neurons that carry information to smooh muscle, cardiac and glands Derived from neuroectoderm
44
Special visceral efferent neurons Where are they derived from
motor neurons that send information to muscles derived from pharyngeal arches From neuroectoderm
45
General somatic neurons
Sensory neurons that send info to your spine from skin (integuins), joint capsule, tendon, muscle From neural crest
46
Anything derived from the ectoderm will be innervated by what?
General somatic afferent
47
Skin will be innervated by what?
General somatic afferent
48
General visceral afferent neurons Where are they derived from
Sensory neurons that send info from visceral organs to your brain. From neural crest
49
Your GI system will be innervated by what?
General visceral afferent
50
Anything derived from the endoderm will be inervated by what?
GVA (general visceral afferent)
51
special somatic afferent neurons
sensory neurons that are responsible for hearing balance sight
52
special visceral afferent neurons
sensory neurons responsible for taste and smell
53
Autonomic nervous system
Involuntary. has a motor and sensory component. Parasympathetic (rest and digest) Sympathetic (fight or flight)
54
What does the autonomic NS innvervate?
smooth muscle, cardiac glands
55
What is the ANS pathway like?
pre and post ganglionic neuron (innervates with pre in a autonomic ganglia)
56
Somatic NS pathway neurons
Consist of a afferent (sensory neurons) and efferent (motor neuron.
57
Autonomic NS pathway
Consists of 2 neurons in a row: pre-ganglionic has its CB in the grey matter of spinal cord or brain Post ganglionic neurons synapses with the pre-ganglionic in a autonomic ganglion
58
Ganglia and post ganglionic neurons are from where>
Neural crest cells because they are outside of the CNS, in the PNS.
59
Preganglionic cells are from where
Neuroectoderm because they originate in the brain or spinal cord
60
Arrangement of neurons in the sympathetic NS
Spinal cord in the thoraco-lumbar region (T1-L2) Sympathetic pre-ganglionic neuron goes from [spinal cord--> symapthetic ganglion] Pre-ganglionic is SHORT and MYELINATED Sympathetic post-ganglionic neuron goes from [sympathetic ganglia to viscera organ] Post-ganglionic is LONG and NOT MYELNATED
61
Where are Sympathetic neurons found
Spinal cord in the thoraco-lumbar region (T1-L2)
62
Where are parasympathetic neurons found?
1. Cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10 in the cranial region | 2. 2nd-4th sacral spinal nerves (GVE)
63
Arrangement of neurons in the parasympathetic
Preganglionic is LONG and MYELINATED Postganglionic are SHORT and UNMYELENATED
64
Where are parasympathetic ganglia located?
Walls of the viscera | cranial nerves in head and neck
65
Where are the ganglia of 2-4 sacral spinal nerves located?
Pelvic wall
66
Where is BMP released from?
Roof plate and surface ectoderm
67
Where is SHH released from?
Notochord and floor plate

Embryo (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions