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BIOL 207 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle

A

M, interphase

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2
Q

What is interphase?

A

S stage g stage

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3
Q

M stage

A

Mitosis, cell division

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4
Q

S stage

A

Synthesis, rep of DNA

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5
Q

G stage

A

Gap stage
G1 - cell grows after mitosis
G2 - prepare for mitosis
G0 - after G1, a resting phase

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6
Q

Purpose of cell division

A

Single celled - increase cell number

Multicellular - build tissues and organs

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7
Q

What is Binary fission

A

cell division in bacteria

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8
Q

How does binary fission work?

A

After replication, chromosomes are transported to poles
Tubulin like molecule forms a ring in equatorial plate of cell
Ring grows inwand and separates mother cell into 2 daughter cells

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9
Q

Stages of mitosis

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
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10
Q

What do chromosomes look like during interphase

A

Decondensed, look strand like

Referred to as chromatin

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11
Q

T/F in interphase, chromatin are all orderly structured into territories

A

True

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12
Q

Transcription factories

A

active genes from several chromo-somes may be localized to specific regions with high transcription activity

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13
Q

Describe DNA condensation

A

After dna replication, a lnear strand of dna coils around histone proteins which coild more and more and forms a chromatid

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14
Q

What does a replicated chromosome look like

A

Like an x, with two sister chromatids
Each chromatid are identical
Held together at centromeres

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15
Q

Centromere

A

specialized regions of a chromosome

Has kinetochores on outside

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16
Q

kinetochore

A

Acts as docking platform for mitotic spindles to attach to

17
Q

Cohesin

A

hold sister chromatids together

18
Q

Centrosomes

A

Microtubule organizing centres in animals

19
Q

What do mitotic spindles do?

A

attach to centromere and pull chromatids to the poles

20
Q

What happens in interphase

A

Chromosomes are decondensed chromatin
Dna replcates
Nuclear membrane exists

21
Q

What happens in prophase

A

Chromatin condensed into chromosomes
Nuclear membrane dissolves
Cohesin holds sister chromatids together

22
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

Mitotic spindle formation completes
Microtubules attach to chromatids
Condensin further compacts the chromatin

23
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

Cohesin degrades, sister chromatds are pulled apart, move to opposite ends of cell

24
Q

n value

A

Number of chromosomes in a cell

25
Q

C value

A

Amount of dna in base pairs

26
Q

What is 1c?

A

The amount of dna in a haploid cell

27
Q

In somatic cell, whats the c value during g1 phase?

A

2c

28
Q

In somatic cell, whats the c value during s phase?

A

Gradually rises to 4c, because dna is replicated, amount doubles

29
Q

In somatic cell, whats the c value during g2 phase?

A

4c

30
Q

In somatic cell, whats the c value during m phase?

A

Stays 4c until very end, where it becomes 2c, since the chromosomes separate

31
Q

How many chromosomes in human somatic cells

A

46

32
Q

Describe gametocytes before meiosis in terms of c value and n value

A

2n and 4c

So their chromosomes are duplicated, have 2 identical sister chromatids

33
Q

What happens in meiosis 1

A

Homologous chromosomes are paired into tetrads
These tetrads are pulled apart, 1 duplicated chromosome goes to each pole
2 daughter cells form, with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

34
Q

Describe daughter cells after meiosis 1 in terms of c value and n value

A

1n and 2c

35
Q

What happens in meiosis 2

A

Same as mitosis, chromosomes are lined on equatorial plate, sister chromatids pulled apart into different daughter cells

36
Q

Describe daughter cells after meiosis 1 in terms of c value and n value

A

1n and 1c

37
Q

Describe crossing over during meiosis 1

A

Nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes are held together
Chiasma forms
The chromosomes exchange genetic information

38
Q

Chiasma

A

Spot where nonsister chromosomes of homologs attach to each other

BIOL 207 (6 decks)

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