Lecture 4

Question 1

chromosomes

Answer 1

long strands of connected DNA that condense into a smaller structure; humans have 46; made up of two identical chromatids

Question 2

diploid

Answer 2

cells with two copies of each chromosome; somatic cells in humans

Question 3

haploid

Answer 3

cells with one copy of each chromosome; germline cells in humans

Question 4

interphase

Answer 4

G1 cell growth
S duplication of DNA
G2 preparation for mitosis

Question 5

mitosis

Answer 5

chromosomes become visible, chromatids segregate, cells divide
daughter cells identical to mother cells

Question 6

meiosis

Answer 6

meiosis I, reductional division
meiosis II, equational division
overall produces 4 haploid cells which become gametes

Question 7

sex chromosomes

Answer 7

XX in females
XY in males (Y inherited from the father)
males more likely to get recessive sex-linked genetic diseases because they have only one X chromosome

Question 8

autosome

Answer 8

non-sex chromosome

22 homologous pairs