Lecture 2 Flashcards
gene
determinant of heredity that affects certain characteristics;
discrete heritable factors
allele
certain version of a gene
genotype
genetic makeup of an individual
phenotype
visible or measurable traits of an individual
homozygous
identical alleles in one individual
heterozygous
different alleles in one individual
gamete
sex cell; has one allele for each gene
Law of Segregation
Mendel’s first law
characteristics are determined by particulate factors; factors exist in pairs in each organism
because one parent transmits one member of a pair to an offspring, they segregate, and progeny get one member of their pair from each parent
Law of Independent Assortment
Mendel’s second law
allele pairs separate independently during the formation of the gametes
pure breeding
homozygous; self bred progeny always have the same traits as the parents
test cross
cross breed an unknown genotype with a known homozygous recessive genotype to determine the unknown
product rule
if two events are independent, the probability of them both occurring is the product of each of them occurring
p(a and b) = p(a) x p(b)
sum rule
for two exclusive events, the probability of either occurring is the sum of them both
p(a or b)= p(a) + p(b) - p(a and b)
