Lecture 4 Flashcards
1
Q
upper right premolar numbers
A
4 and 5
2
Q
upper left premolar numbers
A
12 and 13
3
Q
lower left premolar numbers
A
20 and 21
4
Q
lower right premolar numbers
A
28 and 29
5
Q
functions of premolars
A
- mastication
- maintaining vertical dimension of face
- assist canines to cut and shear food
- support cheeks and corners of mouth
6
Q
Most premolars have _______(one buccal and one lingual) but sometimes there are ____ (one buccal and two lingual)
A
two cusps; three cusps
7
Q
premolars develop from ___ facial lobes and from one or two ____ lobes corresponding to one or two ____ cusps
A
three; lingual; lingual
8
Q
the CEJ is ____ on premolars, compared to anterior teeth
A
less curved
9
Q
roots taper narrower ____ and ____
A
apically; lingually
10
Q
premolars have two or three ____ versus _____
A
occlusal cusps; incisal edge
11
Q
marginal ridges are more ____, except mesial marginal ridge of mandibular first premolar
A
horizontal
12
Q
crowns of premolars are ____ compared to anterior teeth
A
shorter
13
Q
height of contour on premolars
A
- in cervical third on facial (not too close to CEJ except mandibular first premolar)
- in middle third on lingual
14
Q
proximal contact areas more ____ and broader
A
cervical
15
Q
All Premolars From Buccal View: have ___ outline of crown (like canine)
A
pentagon
16
Q
All Premolars From Buccal View: contact areas are ____; the distal contact is more ___ than the mesial (except mandibular first premolar)
A
convex; cervical
17
Q
All Premolars From Buccal View: ____ cusp ridge is shorter than the ____ (except on the maxillary first premolar)
A
mesial; distal
18
Q
All Premolars From Lingual View: crown outline narrows toward ____ so some ____ surfaces are visible (except some three cusp type mandibular second premolars with two lingual cusps, seen best on occlusal view)
A
lingual; proximal
19
Q
All Premolars From Lingual View: ____ cusp longer than ____ cusp
A
buccal; lingual
20
Q
All Premolars From Lingual View: ___ cusp off center to the ____, except on the mandibular first premolar
A
lingual; mesial
21
Q
All Premolars From Proximal Views: ____ marginal ridges are more ____ than ____, except on mandibular first premolar
A
mesial; occlusal; distal
22
Q
All Premolars From Occlusal View: they are wider ____ than _____
A
faciolingually; mesiodistally
23
Q
All Premolars From Occlusal View: occlusal table bound by ____ and _____
A
marginal ridges; cusp ridges
24
Q
All Premolars From Occlusal View: proximal contacts are located ____ to the _____; ____ embrasure spaces are larger
A
buccal; buccolingual midline; lingual
25
All Premolars From Occlusal View: _____ join to form ____ ridges (except on three cusp type mandibular second premolars)
triangular ridges; transverse
26
All Premolars From Occlusal View: a groove extends from ____ to ____ (except on some mandibular first premolars)
mesial fossa; distal fossa
27
Arch Traits That Differentiate Maxillary From Mandibular Premolars: mandibular premolars have more noticeable _____ than maxillary
lingual crown tilt
28
Arch Traits That Differentiate Maxillary From Mandibular Premolars: mandibular premolars have less prominent ____
buccal ridge
29
all premolars are larger _____ than _____
buccolingually; mesiodistally
30
BUT, the mandibular premolar is closer to ____ (buccolingual slightly greater than mesiodistal)
square
31
maxillary premolar is ______ (buccolingual is obviously greater than mesiodistal)
rectangular
32
Relative Size of Maxillary Premolar Crowns From the Buccal View: maxillary first premolar is ____ than the second
larger
33
Relative Size of Maxillary Premolar Crowns From the Buccal View: there is more convergence from proximal contact to the cervical on the ____ than the ____
first; second
34
Location of Contacts for Maxillary Premolars From the Buccal View: mesial contact is ____, distal contact is _____ (for both types)
junction of occlusal and middle third; middle third
35
Location of Buccal Cusp Tip of Maxillary Premolars From the Buccal View: on the maxillary second, the ___ cusp ridge is shorter than the ____ (cusp tip is ____ or ____)
mesial; distal; mesial; centered
36
Location of Buccal Cusp Tip of Maxillary Premolars From the Buccal View: the maxillary first premolar has _____ longer than the _____ (this is unique); the cusp tip is ____
mesial cusp ridge; distal; distal
37
Shape of the Buccal Cusp of Maxillary Premolars From the Buccal View: the cusp is sharper on ____ than _____
maxillary first premolar; second
38
Buccal Ridge and Depression of Maxillary Premolars From the Buccal View: the buccal ridge is more prominent on the ____ than _____
maxillary first premolar; maxillary second
39
Root of Maxillary Premolars From the
| Buccal View: maxillary ____ premolar is more likely to have two roots, whereas the ____ premolar has one root
first; second
40
Relative Cusp Size of Maxillary Premolars From the Lingual View: the ___ cusp is shorter than the ____; more so on the maxillary first than the maxillary second
lingual; buccal
41
Cusp Ridges of Maxillary Premolars From the Lingual View: the lingual cusp is relatively sharper on the _____ than on the _____
maxillary second premolar; first premolar
42
Lingual Cusp Position for Maxillary Premolars From the Lingual View: both maxillary first and second premolars have the lingual cusp tip positioned ____ to the midroot axis
mesial
43
Marginal Ridges of Maxillary Premolars From the Lingual View: the ____ marginal ridge is more ____ than _____ for both maxillary first and second premolars (best seen when comparing mesial and distal views)
distal; cervical; mesial
44
Roots of Maxillary Premolars From the
| Lingual View: on the maxillary first premolar, the ___ root is shorter than the ____ root
lingual; buccal
45
Roots of Maxillary Premolars From the
| Lingual View: the root crown ratio is 1.56 on the ____ and 1.82 on the ____
first maxillary premolar; second maxillary premolar
46
Crown Shape and Morphology of Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: maxillary premolars have ____ outline
trapezoid
47
Crown Shape and Morphology of Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: the _____ is the only premolar to have a crown depression (always on the mesial)
maxillary first premolar
48
Relative Cusp Height of Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: the ____ cusp is shorter than the ____ cusp, more so on the maxillary first premolar than second premolar
lingual; buccal
49
Height (Crest) of Contour of Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: the facial height of contour is in the ____ (like all teeth)
cervical
50
Height (Crest) of Contour of Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: the lingual height of contour is in the _____ (like all posterior teeth)
middle
51
Distance Between Cusps on Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: the distance between cusps is the same for both maxillary first and second premolars; both ___ and ____ cusp tips are located ____
buccal; lingual; over the root
52
Marginal Ridge Grooves of Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: the marginal ridge groove is found most often on : ______ (not as common on all other maxillary premolars)
the mesial marginal ridge of maxillary first premolars
53
Cervical Lines of Maxillary Premolars When Comparing the Proximal Views: there is more CEJ curvature on ____ than ____ on both 1st and 2nd premolars (as on all premolars and anterior teeth)
mesial; distal
54
Roots and Root Depressions of Maxillary Premolars From the Proximal Views: _____ is the only premolar with the ____ more pronounced than the distal
maxillary first premolar; mesial root depression
55
the maxillary first premolar is the only premolar with ____ joining with the _____
mesial crown depression; deep root depression
56
_____ more pronounced on maxillary second premolar
distal root depression
57
Relative Size of Maxillary Premolars From the Occlusal View: _____ likely to be slightly larger than ____
maxillary first premolar; the second
58
Grooves and Fossae of Maxillary Premolars From the Occlusal View: the ____ of the maxillary first premolar is longer than on the second premolar
central groove
59
the maxillary second premolar has more ____ than the first
supplemental grooves
60
Both maxillary premolars have noticeably greater dimension _____ than _____ (by over 2 mm)
faciolingually; mesiodistally
61
Outline of Maxillary Premolars From the
| Occlusal View: the ____ is more prominent on the maxillary first premolar than the second
buccal ridge
62
Outline of Maxillary Premolars From the
| Occlusal View: the maxillary first premolar is more _____ than the second premolar
asymmetrical (hexagonal)
63
Contact Areas and Heights of Contour of Maxillary Premolars From the Occlusal View: contacts are ____ for both
near the junction of the buccal/middle thirds
64
mandibular premolars _____ more than maxillary premolars
vary in shape
65
_____ is the only premolar more likely to have 3 cusps (one buccal and two lingual: mesiolingual and distolingual)
mandibular second premolar
66
Relative Crown Shape and Size of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: the _____ is longer than the ____
mandibular first premolar; second
67
Relative Crown Shape and Size of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: both have rounded _____ (first wider than second)
shoulders
68
Relative Crown Shape and Size of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: the ____ of the mandibular first premolar is sharper than the second
buccal cusp apex
69
Relative Crown Shape and Size of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: cusp ridge notches are more common on the ____ of the first and the ____ of the second
mesial; distal
70
Morphology of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: buccal developmental grooves on either side of buccal ridge (when present) are likely deeper on the ____ of the first premolar and on the ____ of the second premolar
mesial; distal
71
___ are shorter than ____
mesial cusp ridges; distal
72
Cervical Lines of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: CEJ more curved on ____ than ____
mandibular first premolar; second
73
Contact Areas of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: the mandibular first premolar is the only premolar (only adult tooth) where the mesial contact is ____ than the distal
more cervical
74
Contact Areas of Mandibular Premolars From the Buccal View: first premolar distal contact is in _____ and mesial contact is ____
occlusal third; at the junction of the occlusal and middle third
75
Roots of Mandibular Premolars From the
| Buccal View: both types of mandibular premolar roots taper to ____ with ____ of apex more common
apex; distal bend
76
root to crown ratio on _____ is larger
mandibular second premolar
77
Crown Shape of Mandibular Premolars From the Lingual View: most mandibular premolars taper narrower toward _____ (EXCEPT 3 cusp type of mandibular second premolar where lingual half may be wider than buccal half)
lingual
78
Lingual Cusps of Mandibular Premolars From the Lingual View: lingual cusp of mandibular first premolar is ____ than the buccal, is ____ and is located ____
shorter; nonfunctional; mesial, center, or distal
79
Lingual Cusps of Mandibular Premolars From the Lingual View: the lingual cusp of the mandibular second premolar (with one lingual cusp) is slightly ___ than the buccal and is ___ to the midroot axis
mesial
80
Lingual Cusps of Mandibular Premolars From the Lingual View: when the mandibular 2nd premolar has two lingual cusps, the _____ cusp is normally wider and longer than the ____
mesiolingual; distolingual
81
Marginal Ridges of Mandibular Premolars From the Lingual View: the mandibular first premolar is the only premolar (only posterior tooth) to have its mesial marginal ridge more ____ than the distal
cervical; distal
82
Grooves on Mandibular Premolars From the Lingual View: only mandibular second premolar with two lingual cusps have a ____ separating them
lingual groove
83
Grooves on Mandibular Premolars From the Lingual View: most mandibular first premolars have a _____ separating the ____ from the _____
mesiolingual groove; mesial marginal ridge; mesial cusp ridge of the lingual cusp
84
Roots of Mandibular Premolars From the
| Lingual View: roots taper ____ and to ____
lingual; apex
85
Crown Shape of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: crowns tip noticeably to the ____, more so on _____ than ____
mandibular first premolar; second
86
Crown Shape of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: outlines are ____
rhomboid
87
Crown Shape of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: lingual cusps are ___ than buccal, more so on first with nonfunctional lingual cusp
shorter
88
Marginal Ridges of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: the mesial marginal ridge of mandibular first premolar slopes at ____, nearly parallel to _____
45 degrees; buccal triangular ridge
89
Marginal Ridges of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: _____ is very short
lingual triangular ridge
90
Marginal Ridges of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: other posterior marginal ridges are more _____
horizontal
91
Marginal Ridges of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: occlusal plane in relation to midroot axis line ___ on 1st mandibular premolar
45 degrees
92
Marginal Ridge Grooves and Mesiolingual Grooves on Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal
Views: mesiolingual groove is often present on _____, not _____
mandibular first premolars; seconds
93
second premolars ____ have marginal ridge grooves
sometimes
94
Height (Crest) of Contour of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: the buccal height of contour is the _____ (near the CEJ on first premolar)
cervical third
95
Height (Crest) of Contour of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: the lingual height of contour is in ____, nearly to cusp tip in mandibular first premolar, and beyond root outline)
middle third
96
Cervical Lines of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: more CEJ curve on ____ than ___ surface (as on all premolars)
mesial; distal
97
Cervical Lines of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: ___ CEJ more ____ than ____ CEJ (as on all premolars)
lingual; occlusal; buccal
98
Roots of Mandibular Premolars From the
| Proximal Views: roots taper to ____ (as they all do)
apex
99
Root Depressions of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: _____ has mesial and distal root depressions, deeper on ____
mandibular first premolar; distal
100
Root Depressions of Mandibular Premolars From the Proximal Views: mandibular second premolar likely to have ____ but none on ____
distal root depression; mesial
101
Outline Shape of Mandibular Premolars From the Occlusal View: the mandibular first premolar has more bulk in ___ half than ____ half
distal; mesial
102
Outline Shape of Mandibular Premolars From the Occlusal View: the ____ line angle is flat or pushed in on the mandibular first premolar
mesiolingual
103
the mandibular first premolar has a ____ occlusal outline
diamond shaped
104
the occlusal table on the mandibular first premolar is ____
triangular
105
Outline Shape of Mandibular Premolars From the Occlusal View: the mandibular second premolar has ____ outline (on 2 cusped type)
almost rounded
106
3 cusped type has more ___ outline ; may actually taper narrower from ___ to ____
square; lingual; buccal
107
occlusal tables are ____ on mandibular second premolars
square
108
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of Mandibular First Premolars From the Occlusal View: prominent ____ may separate ____ and ____ fossae (with no central groove)
transverse ridge; mesial; distal
109
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of Mandibular First Premolars From the Occlusal View: mesial and distal _____ fossae resemble ____
circular; "snake eyes"
110
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of Mandibular First Premolars From the Occlusal View: the ____ fossa is larger than the ____
distal; mesial
111
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of Mandibular First Premolars From the Occlusal View: _____ extends from _____
mesiolingual groove; mesial circular fossa
112
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of the Two-Cusp Mandibular Second Premolars From the Occlusal View: ____ connects mesial and distal fossae
central groove
113
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of the Two-Cusp Mandibular Second Premolars From the Occlusal View: groove pattern may be ___ or ___ shaped
H; U
114
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of the Two-Cusp Mandibular Second Premolars From the Occlusal View: ___ and ____ triangular ridges form ____
buccal; lingual; transverse ridge
115
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of the Three-Cusp Mandibular Second Premolar: there are ____ triangular ridges that do not connect, so there is no ____
three; transverse ridge
116
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of the Three-Cusp Mandibular Second Premolar: only premolar with a _____
central fossa
117
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of the Three-Cusp Mandibular Second Premolar: central groove may be called mesial and distal grooves, joining at _____
central fossa
118
Ridges, Fossae, and Grooves of the Three-Cusp Mandibular Second Premolar: lingual groove forms ____ pattern
Y
119
```
_____ are not common on
mandibular premolars (although the mandibular first premolar often has a ______, which separates the mesial marginal ridge from mesial cusp ridge of lingual cusp)
```
marginal ridge grooves; mesiolingual groove
