Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
maxillary and mandibular molar widths make up ___ (mandibular) and ___ (maxillary) of the quadrant
A
51% ; 44%
2
Q
functions of molars
A
- mastication (grinding)
- maintenance of vertical dimension of face
- maintenance of arch continuity for proper alignment
- support cheeks (esthetics)
3
Q
Crown size of all molars: ____ dimension is greater than _____
A
mesiodistal; occlusocervical
4
Q
molars have ___ to ___ cusps; larger crowns than other teeth but shortest _____
A
three; five; occlusocervically
5
Q
crowns taper narrower from ____ to ____ (EXCEPT maxillary first molars with large distolingual cusp)
A
buccal; lingual
6
Q
from occlusal view, molar crowns taper narrower buccolingually from ____ to ____
A
mesial; distal (crowns are narrower buccolingually in the distal third than the mesial third)
7
Q
from the buccal view, all crowns taper from ____ to ____
A
mesial; distal (distal cusps are shorter than mesial cusps)
8
Q
facial height of contour for all molars
A
in the cervical third (as on all teeth)
9
Q
lingual height of contour for all molars
A
in the middle third (as on all posterior teeth)
10
Q
mesial contact on all molars
A
located near junction of middle/occlusal thirds
11
Q
distal contact on all molars
A
more cervical than the mesial contact, near the middle third
12
Q
mandibular molars are greater _____ than _____ versus maxillary molars which are greater ____ than ____
A
mesiodistally; faciolingually; faciolingually; mesiodistally
13
Q
maxillary molar crown outline is more ____ and mandibular is more ____
A
square (rhomboid or parallelogram); rectangular (pentagon shaped on firsts)
14
Q
mandibular molars have ____ large cusps (plus often on first a fifth ____ cusp)
A
four; distal
15
Q
maxillary molars have ____ larger cusps plus smaller ____ (and possible fifth ____ cusp)
A
three; distolingual; Carabelli
16
Q
____ crowns tilt lingually relative to the root axis
A
mandibular
17
Q
____ crowns are more centered over the root with no lingual tilt
A
maxillary
18
Q
from the buccal view, the ____ crowns tilt slightly more distally than the maxillary
A
mandibular
19
Q
maxillary molars have ____ roots; ___ is the longest, ____ is the shortest, and _____ is wider than the distobuccal
A
three; lingual; distobuccal; mesiobuccal
20
Q
mandibular molars have ___ roots; the ____ is longer and wider and the ____ is shorter and narrower
A
two; mesial; distal
21
Q
both mandibular molars are normally wider _____ than _____ (more so on firsts)
A
mesiodistally; occlusocervically
22
Q
first mandibular molar is ___ than the second and is more likely to have ____ cusps
A
larger; five
23
Q
three buccal cusps on mandibular first molar:
A
mesiobuccal > distobuccal > distal (smallest, shortest)
24
Q
two lingual cusps on mandibular first molar:
A
mesiolingual (longest handheld) > distoligual (second longest)
25
2 buccal grooves on mandibular first molar:
mesiobuccal and distobuccal
26
2 buccal cusps on mandibular second molar:
mesiobuccal and distobuccal (shortest if handheld)
27
2 lingual cusps on mandibular second molar:
mesiolingual (longest handheld) and the distolingual (second longest)
28
mandibular second molar has one ___ groove
buccal
29
all molars have proximal contact areas located more ____ on the mesial surface (at junction of ____ and ____ thirds) than on the distal (near ____ third)
occlusal; occlusal; middle; middle
30
cervical lines of mandibular molars from the buccal view are close to ____ (rarely may dip into ____)
straight; root bifurcation
31
there is more crown taper from distal contact to CEJ on mandibular ____ molars than _____; mesial contour is more straight than distal
first; seconds
32
____ of mandibular first molars have only four cusps (no distal cusp)
15-20%
33
some mandibular molar crowns have an extra cusp on ___ surface of cusp (NOT to be confused with Carabelli cusp located on the mesiolingual cusp of most maxillary first molars)
buccal
34
mandibular first and second molars have two roots: ____ (which is longer and wider) and ____
mesial; distal
35
root trunk is shorter on the ____ than the ____
mandibular first; second
36
roots are more divergent toward the apex on the ____ than the ____
mandibular first; second
37
mandibular molars: crowns tapper narrower from buccal to lingual (more so on firsts) so ____ are somewhat visible from the lingual
proximal surfaces
38
on mandibular molars, the ____ and ____ cusps are longer than ____ cusp
mesiolingual; distolingual; buccal
39
on mandibular molars, the ____ cusp is wider than the ____ cusp
mesiolingual; distolingual
40
on mandibular molars, the ____, if onto lingual surface, is unlikely to be carious
lingual groove
41
roots are narrower on the ____ side than the ____
lingual; buccal
42
on mandibular molars, the buccal height of contour is in the ____ third
cervical
43
on mandibular molars, the lingual height of contour is in the ____ third (as on all molars)
middle
44
_____ running mesiodistally and more prominent in mesial half (seen occlusally) of mandibular second molar
buccal cervical ridge
45
on mandibular molars, ____ cusps are more pointed and longer (handheld) than ____ cusps
lingual; buccal
46
on mandibular molars, you cannot see the occlusal surface from the ____
mesial
47
on mandibular molars, you can see more of the occlusal surface from the _____, due to taper shorter toward ____
distal; distal
48
when comparing proximal views of mandibular molars, the CEJ slopes ____ from buccal to lingual and is very slightly curved
occlusally
49
on mandibular molars, the distal marginal ridge is more ____ than the mesial marginal ridge (similar to proximal contacts)
cervical
50
marginal ridges of mandibular molars are concave _____
buccolingual
51
on mandibular molars, the ____ root is broader faciolingually and longer than the ____ root
mesial; distal (so you cannot see the distal root when looking from mesial view; from the distal, you can see a wider mesial root behind the distal root)
52
on mandibular molars, the mesial root has a ___ surface depression, but the ____ surface depression is deeper
mesial; distal
53
the smaller distal root has a ___ surface depression but ____ surface is variable
mesial; distal
54
on mandibular molars from occlusal view, if viewed along root axis, more ___ surface is visible than ____ due to ____ tipping of the crown relative to the root
facial; lingual; lingual
55
mandibular second molar is ____ (it is greater mesiodistally than buccolingually)
rectangular
56
the mandibular second molar tapers narrower from ____ to ____ and from ____ to _____
mesial; distal; buccal to lingual
57
on mandibular second molars, the _____ is prominent on the mesial
buccal cervical ridge
58
mandibular first is more prominent in middle of buccal (over ____ cusp) and very small distal cusp, making outline more ____ shaped
distobuccal; pentagon
59
the mandibular first molar tapers narrower from ___ to ____ and the ____ third is narrower buccolingually than the _____ third
buccal to lingual; distal third; mesial third
60
on mandibular molars: 4 triangular ridges form 2 transverse ridges:
- mesiobuccal and mesiolingual triangular ridges form the mesial transverse ridge
- distobuccal and distolingual triangular ridges form the distal transverse ridge
61
____ is separate
distal cusp triangular ridge
62
first and second mandibular molars have ___ fossae
three fossae:
- central (largest)
- mesial triangular
- distal triangular (very small)
63
mandibular second molar groove pattern is ____ where buccal and lingual grooves join and cross the central groove
"+ shaped"
64
on the mandibular second molar, the ___ groove with ___ pit is caries prone
buccal groove with buccal pit
65
on the mandibular first molar, there is more ____ central groove from mesial to distal fossa
zig zag
66
on mandibular first molar, ____ and ____ groove join central groove near central fossa
mesiobuccal; lingual
67
on mandibular first molar, ____ groove separates distobuccal and distal cusps
distobuccal
68
on mandibular molars, the mesial and distal contact areas are normally slightly ____ to the central groove (so ____ embrasure is greater than ____ embrasure)
buccal; lingual; buccal
69
possible extra lingual cusp on mandibular molar
tuberculum intermedium
70
extra cusp (tubercle) on distal marginal ridge of first molar
tuberculum sextum
71
rarely, mandibular second molars may have ___ buccal cusps
three
72
_____ is the largest maxillary tooth
maxillary first molar
73
maxillary first is wider _____
mesiodistally
74
maxillary molars have two buccal cusps:
mesiobuccal (wider and longer) and distobuccal
75
maxillary molars have two lingual cusps:
mesiolingual (longest) and the distolingual (shortest, cannot be seen from buccal view)
76
on the maxillary molars, the ____ separates the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps, but is not caries prone
buccal groove
77
proximal contacts of maxillary molars from buccal view (same on all molars)
- all have mesial contact at junction of occlusal/middle thirds
- distal contact more cervical, near the middle third
78
maxillary molars have three roots (trifurcation):
- lingual (longest; shows behind, between mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots)
- mesiobuccal (longer and wider than distobuccal)
- distobuccal (shortest root)
79
the trunk is shorter on the maxillary ___ than the ____ and the roots diverge more on the ____
first; second; first
80
on maxillary molars, little or no proximal surface (from lingual view) shows on the ____ due to wider lingual surface, larger distolingual cusp
first molar
81
more proximal surface shows on maxillary second molar (from lingual view) with smaller or missing ____
distolingual cusp (happens about 33% of the time)
82
first maxillary molar has largest and longest ____ cusp (often with ____) and somewhat smaller _____ cusp
mesiolingual cusp; cusp of Carabelli or groove 70% ; distolingual
83
second maxillary molar also has longest ____ cusp compared to much smaller (or missing) ____ cusp
mesiolingual; distolingual
84
lingual grooves and pits are _____
caries prone
85
longest lingual root often has ____ on lingual surface (on the maxillary first molar)
longitudinal depression
86
distobuccal and mesiobuccal roots are closer together on the ____ than the ____
maxillary second; first
87
maxillary molar cusps from proximal view: ____ dimension less than _____
occlusocervical; faciolingual
88
only ____ visible from the mesial since distal cusps are shorter than mesial
two cusps (and Carabelli)
89
____ visible from the distal since mesial cusps are longer than distal
four cusps
90
height of contour of maxillary molars from proximal views
- buccal height of contour in cervical third (like for all teeth)
- lingual height of contour in middle third (like all posterior teeth), even more OCCLUSAL if there is a big cusp of Carabelli)
91
maxillary molars taper narrower toward the _____; from this view, some facial and lingual surfaces may be visible due to crown tapering
distal
92
on maxillary molars, the mesial marginal ridge is more ____ than the distal marginal ridge
occlusal (more occlusal surface is visible from the distal view)
93
_____ are commonly seen on the mesial of the maxillary first molar
marginal ridge grooves
94
tubercles and marginal ridge grooves are more common on ____ than ____ and on _____ than _____
more common on maxillary firsts than seconds and on mesial marginal ridges than distal marginal ridges
95
cervical lines of maxillary molars from the proximal view: CEJ is nearly ____ faciolingually with less curve on the ____ than the ____ (but hardly noticeable)
flat; distal; mesial
96
on maxillary molars, only two roots are visible from the ____
mesial (bc distobuccal is shorter and narrower than mesiobuccal root)
97
___ root is the longest and called the "banana"
lingual root
98
there is less spread of ____ roots compared to the ____
second maxillary molar; first
99
____ root has mesial and distal root depression; the ____ root is less likely to have depressions
mesiobuccal; distobuccal
100
maxillary molars from occlusal view: both first and second have _____ greater than ____ dimension
buccolingual; mesiodistal
101
on maxillary first molars, the ___ half is often narrower mesiodistally than the ____ half due to large ____ cusp
buccal; lingual; distolingual cusp
102
from occlusal view, the maxillary first molar is ____ or almost ____ outline; ____ and ____ are sharp angles, the others are rounded
rhomboid; square; mesiobuccal; distolingual
103
on maxillary second molars, the ____ cusp is often quite small so ___ half is narrower mesiodistally than the ___ half
distolingual; lingual; buccal
104
____ cusp may be missing on maxillary second molar (tricuspid)
distolingual
105
maxillary second molars have more twisted rhomboid outline due to prominent _____
mesiobuccal cervical ridge
106
maxillary first molar has ___ cusps plus often Carabelli cusp or depression on _____ cusp
four; mesiolingual
107
second maxillary molar has ____ larger cusps and one smaller or absent cusp
three larger cusps- mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and mesiolingual
one smaller or absent cusp- distolingual
108
three main cusps form the _____
primary cusp triangle
109
trigon
bears MB, ML, and DB cusps; tricuspate or primary cusp triangle
110
talon
bears DL cusp and D MR located DL to the tricuspate
111
cusp of carabelli present on ___ of maxillary first molars; varies greatly in size
70%
112
ridges of maxillary molars from occlusal view: if 4 cusp type...
- transverse ridge from mesiolingual to mesiobuccal cusp
| - oblique ridge from mesiolingual to distobuccal cusp
113
four fossae of maxillary molars (if four major cusps):
- central (largest)
- distal oblique (second largest, cigar shaped)
- mesial triangular
- distal triangular (minute)
114
if three cusp type, only ___ fossa:
three fossa: mesial, central and distal
115
grooves on maxillary molars (4 cusp type)
- central groove (from mesial to central fossa)
- buccal (from central fossa)
- distal oblique (from distal fossa)
- lingual groove continues from distal oblique (is caries prone)
- transverse groove of oblique ridge (if present)
116
occlusal caries and preparations may not cross the _____
oblique ridge
117
if you have a three cusped maxillary molar, grooves are:
buccal and central
118
proximal contacts of maxillary molars: mesial and distal contacts are located ____ to buccolingual center
buccal
119
___ is more buccal than ____
mesial; distal
120
distal contact of first maxillary molar is ____ located (exception)
centrally
121
pentagon occlusal outline
mandibular 1st molar
122
rectangle occlusal outline
mandibular 2nd molar
123
rhomboid/square occlusal outline
maxillary 1st and 2nd molars
124
heart shaped occlusal outline
3 cusp type maxillary 2nd molar and maxillary 3rd
125
third molars are often ____ than 1st or 2nd molars
smaller
126
2 types of teeth that occlude with only 1 tooth
maxillary third molars (the only maxillary teeth) and mandibular central incisors
127
size varies greatly but usually third molars are the ____ of permanent teeth
shortest (with short roots and short crowns)
128
compared with 1st and 2nd molars in the same arch, third molar ____ have the greatest variance of shape
crowns
129
third molar roots are often bent ____ and are thin and pointed
distally
130
usually maxillary third molars have ___ roots and mandibulars have ____
three; two
131
roots of third molars often ____ with a long ____
fused; trunk
132
third molars may be covered with flap of tissue called ____; trauma and infection of this tissue may cause ____
operculum; pericoronitis
133
third molars (compared to 1st and 2nds) are more ____ (but with smaller occlusal table) and more ____ (with accessory grooves and fissures)
bulbous; wrinkled
