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Env Midterm- Lectures 4 and 5 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Non Water Carried Methods of Disposal

A
  • Discharge on soil
  • Discharge to pit
  • Privy/ Latrine
  • Composted (Clivus multrium)
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2
Q

Water Carried Methods of Disposal

A
  • On site
  • Direct discharge
  • Water pollution control facility
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3
Q

Treatment components of onsite waste water disposal

A
  • Cesspools/ Septic tanks
  • Types of leaching areas
  • Treatment
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4
Q

Quality of treatment and limitations of onsite waste water disposal

A

Do not do anything with chemicals, they don’t treat anything

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5
Q

Benefits of onsite waste water disposal

A
  • Treatment/ Maintenance
  • Cost (Better than establishing a whole new system)
  • Private not public
  • Little training
  • Recycles/disperses pollution
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6
Q

Problems of onsite waste water disposal

A
  • Site limitations (ledge rock that’s under the ground, ground water, poor soil to accept the liquid, all kinds of hell)
  • Size
  • Treatment
  • Oversight/ Responsibility
  • Repair costs
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7
Q

Explain waste water treatment plants

A

o Separating out the solids and the floatable materials and discharging the effluents into waters and let it be diluted (no treatment)
o “Dilution is the solution”

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8
Q

Waste water treatment plant primary treatment

A

Remove scum and sludge (physically)

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9
Q

Waste water treatment plant secondary treatment

A

o Reduce demand for oxygen

o Reduce suspended particulates

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10
Q

Waste water treatment plant tertiary treatment

A

o Nitrates/ phosphates/ toxics
o Nitrates and phosphates are in fertilizers, end up creating a lot of algae, when algae dies, they take up a lot of O2 and fuck over the fish

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11
Q

Waste water treatment plant disinfection

A

o Reduce bacteria/ Kill microorganisms

o Always the last step

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12
Q

Positive aspects of waste water treatment

A 
o	Development (of cities/towns/communities)
o	Single point source of pollution to monitor and control
o	Quality of treatment (only as good as the money you put into it)
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13
Q

Issues of treatment plants

A 
o	Cost to construct/ operate/ maintain
o	Training of staff
o	Infrastructure costs
o	Increased flow requires increase treatment (potential design problems here with pipes and leakage)
o	Single point of discharge
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14
Q

Even more things wrong with treatment plants

A

o Secondary treatment sensitive to chemicals
o Tertiary treatment (land disposal)
o Diversions/ minimum flows
o Disinfection (chlorination vs. uv ozone for treating effluent)

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15
Q

More issues with treatment plants

A 
o	Leakage in collection
o	Equipment failures
o	Odors
o	Extension of sewers 
o	Combined sewer overflow (CSO)
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16
Q

MS4

A

o Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems

o Anything that’s on any surface that goes over the surface of the ground goes in through MS4

17
Q

Explain indicator organism

A

o Coliform
o 0 is too little, keep an eye for too much
o Test often

18
Q

Discharge of effluent: where does it go?

A 
o	Water
o	Land
o	Reuse:
	Irrigation
	Golf Course
	Street cleaning
o	The effluent is treated based on where it’s going
19
Q

Role of WPCA (Water Pollution Control Authority)

A

o Operation/Maintenance

o Extension of Sewers

20
Q

Expand on WPCA’s role for operating and maintaining

A 
o	They’re operating and maintaining:
	Treatment plants
	Satellites/ sewers
	Pumping stations
	Lab
21
Q

Role and extent of health departments

A

o Onsite (Under 5,000 = local, over = DEEEP)
 Site Approvals
 Inspections
o All systems
 Complaint investigations (often local health dept)
 Quality Control for waste water treatment plants
 Surveillance (make sure everything is being pumped right, generators are functioning, there’s a point of discharge)

22
Q

Conservative Federal Administration concerns about the program

A

o Cost
o State not federal issue
o Water quality not improving that much (federal dollars being used to increase growth of cities/communities/ etc)

23
Q

Other waste water issues

A

o Industrial waste
o Gray water (example: washing machine water)
o Reuse
o Public vs. private onsite systems

24
Q

Sources of non-point source pollution

A 
Def: Polluted run off water
o	Erosion
o	Parking lots
o	Agricultural areas
o	Lawns
o	Storm drains, not sewers, surface water that goes into our rivers and streams and oceans
o	Carry lots of sediment, drainage from parking lots (oils, solvents from radiators), fertilizers from lawns
So we have water quality problems
25
Q

Water quality problems associated with non-point source pollution

A

decreased quality of drinking water

increased turbidity/toxicity of fisheries, rec, and wildlife waters

26
Q

Water related issues we can expect over the next 10 years

A 
o	Cost (going up, someone has to pay for the infrastructure)
o	Water quality improvement
o	States rights role of federal governmonet
o	Pollution prevention
o	Credits (selling, etc.)
o	Moving away from chlorination
o	Pretreatment
o	Infiltration
o	Combined Sewers
o	Reuse
o	Biosolids
27
Q

The concept of what happened with waste water in this country:

A
  • EPA didn’t start everything
  • Stuff was going on with PH years before
  • Getting sewage away from people etc
28
Q

The concept of what happened with waste water in this country, 1960s:

A
  • 1960s- pollution within a state still needed governor request
  • Water Pollution Control Act was a step by step process for water in this country
29
Q

The concept of what happened with waste water in this country, 1970s:

A
  • Before the gulf coast spill ever happened, there were discharges all over the pacific and birds were getting doused in the oils so that drove people to go to the gov’t and tell them they needed laws which lead to the Water Quality Improvement Act
  • Clean Water Act was driven by an environmental and recreation movement (swimmable and fishable water)
30
Q

The concept of what happened with waste water in this country, 1980s:

A 
o	Clean Water Act Revisions
	Wetlands
	Phosphates/ Nitrates
	Toxics control
	Sludge Management
	Storm water control
31
Q

The concept of what happened with waste water in this country, 1990s:

A

o Storm water rules I
o Sludge disposal
o CSW (Combined Storm Water) overflows
o Confined Animal Feeding

Env Midterm- Lectures 4 and 5 (2 decks)

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