Lecture 4 Flashcards
what are the goals of terrorism
- cause alarm or demoralize a wide audience
- coerce governments/ public to act consistent w interests of terrorists
- may seek to overthrow governments, exclude outsiders from society or seek a social objective
true/false in terrorism, the effects on immediate victim are relevant
- False
- they’re not
is terrorism domestic or international
can be either
what may lead to legislative measures to challenge someone
terrorism
what is property crime
unlawful acts committed w intent of gaining money or property
how does property crime and robbery differ
- property crime
- doesn’t involve force or threat of force
- instead uses stealth and deception
what are some examples of property crime
- break and enter
- theft
- fraud
- arson
- environmental abuse
property crime makes up how much of all crimes known to police
about half
why is property crime so prevalent
- lot of value is put on material goods (social status, popular items)
- economic advantage in property crimes (personal gain, or to sell for profit)
- people are more likely to report property crime, so numbers appear big
- property crimes are generally considered to be more acceptable than violent crime so more people do them
what are the different offender types for property crime
- professional
- persistent
- occasional
- maybe crime tourism idk
what are professional property criminals
- stealing is a business
- specialize in one or limited forms of theft
- some skill
- don’t go to prison
- make a reasonable profit
- believe criminality is a chosen lifestyle
true/false professional property criminals are common
- false
- make up a small proportion of thieves
oceans 8 and 11 are example of what kind of offender
professional
what are persistent property criminals
- commit numerous crime on an ongoing basis
- more crimes of opportunity
- not as skilled or successful as professionals
- often involved in street/ drug culture
describe occasional property criminals
- commit crimes of a sporadic basis
- typically due to opportunities or perceived need
- often youth who don’t become career offencers
- includes millions of adults who shoplift, cheat on taxes etc
- don’t self identify as criminals and don’t make crime their lives
someone who punches into work way early are what kind of criminal
occasional property criminal
what is the definition of break and enter
Unlawful entry into a residential, commercial, or other building for the purpose of the commission of a criminal offence, usually theft
true/false break and enters must involve a forced entry
false
true/false break and enters are highly prevalent in Canada
true
why did break and enters become a problem after WWII
- increased volume of desired portable items like electronics
- lower household occupancy (more live alone, or one part families)
- decreasing supervision of certain at-risk groups
why have break and enters declined in recent years
- due to higher occupancy
- cost of living
- aging population and early retirements
- alarm systems
- victims may be less likely to report the incidents
how many break and enters are reported
about half
true/false goods stolen in home burglaries are frequently recovered
false
true/false most break-ins are cleared by arrest
- false
- maybe 15% are
what are the different break and enter offenders
- professional burglar
- amateur burglar
describe professional burglars
- small minority
- planned and skilled
- high value targets
describe amateur burglars
- more opportunistic
- may re-victimize some residence because they’re familiar and they know they have good stuff
what is the motivation for break and enters
- steal goods for their own use/ or direct cash
- steal items for resale
who do break and enters target
- usually strangers
- may be familiar w the home or neighbourhood
- unoccupied residencies
- residence not visible from street or other houses
- no complex alarms or dogs
- close to the burglars house
what is the mental effect on the victim of a break and enter
- more traumatic than simple thefts
- leave victim in fear it will reoccur
- sense of violation
- may be afraid to stay alone
true/false violence is common in break and enters
- true
- occurs in 1/3 of them this might be an unreported number tho
what is the main form of property crime
theft
what is theft
- act of dishonestly taking property belonging to another
- with the intention of depriving the owner of it
- either permanently or temportatily
true/false theft involves the use of force
false
is theft common
- yes
- 1/10 canadians will be a victim of it
what are the CC sections for theft
- there are 14
- theft over 5000 more severe
- theft under 5000 more common, less severe
true/false most theft occurs to victims losing over $100
- false
- half is less than $100
who are the common victims of theft
- 15-24 years old
- females
- higher income households
- in commercial building or around victims home
what is motor vehicle theft
theft or attempted theft of motorized vehicles
why is motor vehicle theft constistently reported
- high value
- insured status
why does motor vehicle theft result in death and injuries a lot
a high proportion of stolen cars are involved in accidents
who typically account for vehicle thefts
youth males aged 15-17
about 30%
why do people steal vehicles
- joyriding
- temporary or long term transport
- use by organized crime
- illegal export to another country
- stripping for chop shops
how much of all car theft is linked to organized crime and shipped overseas in canada
about 1/4
true/false cars are often stolen by force when the victim is in or near the car
- FALSE
- very small proportion happen this way
true/false car jackings are motor vehicle theft
- FALSE
- technically robberies
- due to the use or threat of force
what is the most stolen vehicles
- 2018 Honda CR-V SUV
- Lexuses
- Ford pickup trucks
why do organized crime groups target SUVs
can bypass security systems
what are the deterrence initiatives for motor vehicle theft
- bait cars
- hidden cameras
- “kill” devices that disable the engine and lock the doors
describe project taurus
- started in 2021 by the TPS (toronto police service)
- perps would use distraction methods and would swarm victims when entering/ leaving their cars using weapons and remove them from the car
- happened around toronto/ york
- they would disable GPS and transport overseas
- 7 suspects were arrested, although they know many more are out there
- decided to reform the organized crime investigative support team
what is referred to as “the five fingered discount”
shoplifting
true/false shiplifting is usually taking small things for personal use, not resale
true
shoplifting is worse when
at christmas
true/false shoplifting is often undetected or not stopped
true
why is shoplifting hard to prevent
- by trying to make items more appealing and accessible to customers, stores are making them easier to steal
- an overly harsh approach to shoplifters may turn people off, and being too easy on them may cause a reputation of being an easy target
who are the typical shoplifting offenders
- youth
- men more than women, but it is the crime of choice for women
- 2/3 people have done it
- not necessarily related to socio-economic status
- often impulsive
what are the types of shoplifters
- amateur pilferer
- booster or heel
- kleptomaniac
what is the most common type of shoplifter
- amateur pilferer
- 90%
describe the amateur pilferer
- usually respectable
- most common type
- usually responds to an opportunity following a stressful experience
- or the need to demonstrate competence
true/false when a youth amateur pilferer is caught shoplifting, they will usually change behaviour
false
true/false when an adult amateur pilferer is caught shoplifting, they will usually change behaviour
true
describe the booster or heel
- professional shoplifter
- will often resell items for 1/2 o 1/3 of original cost
- or steal to order
- can be a part of an organized group
- sometimes steals for personal interest
describe the kleptomaniac
- driven to steal
- not for material gain
- for thrill and arousal gained from the experience
- make up a SMALL percentage of shoplifters
