Lecture 4 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the goals of terrorism
A
- cause alarm or demoralize a wide audience
- coerce governments/ public to act consistent w interests of terrorists
- may seek to overthrow governments, exclude outsiders from society or seek a social objective
2
Q
true/false in terrorism, the effects on immediate victim are relevant
A
- False
- they’re not
3
Q
is terrorism domestic or international
A
can be either
4
Q
what may lead to legislative measures to challenge someone
A
terrorism
5
Q
what is property crime
A
unlawful acts committed w intent of gaining money or property
6
Q
how does property crime and robbery differ
A
- property crime
- doesn’t involve force or threat of force
- instead uses stealth and deception
7
Q
what are some examples of property crime
A
- break and enter
- theft
- fraud
- arson
- environmental abuse
8
Q
property crime makes up how much of all crimes known to police
A
about half
9
Q
why is property crime so prevalent
A
- lot of value is put on material goods (social status, popular items)
- economic advantage in property crimes (personal gain, or to sell for profit)
- people are more likely to report property crime, so numbers appear big
- property crimes are generally considered to be more acceptable than violent crime so more people do them
10
Q
what are the different offender types for property crime
A
- professional
- persistent
- occasional
- maybe crime tourism idk
11
Q
what are professional property criminals
A
- stealing is a business
- specialize in one or limited forms of theft
- some skill
- don’t go to prison
- make a reasonable profit
- believe criminality is a chosen lifestyle
12
Q
true/false professional property criminals are common
A
- false
- make up a small proportion of thieves
13
Q
oceans 8 and 11 are example of what kind of offender
A
professional
14
Q
what are persistent property criminals
A
- commit numerous crime on an ongoing basis
- more crimes of opportunity
- not as skilled or successful as professionals
- often involved in street/ drug culture
15
Q
describe occasional property criminals
A
- commit crimes of a sporadic basis
- typically due to opportunities or perceived need
- often youth who don’t become career offencers
- includes millions of adults who shoplift, cheat on taxes etc
- don’t self identify as criminals and don’t make crime their lives
16
Q
someone who punches into work way early are what kind of criminal
A
occasional property criminal
17
Q
what is the definition of break and enter
A
Unlawful entry into a residential, commercial, or other building for the purpose of the commission of a criminal offence, usually theft
18
Q
true/false break and enters must involve a forced entry
A
false
19
Q
true/false break and enters are highly prevalent in Canada
A
true
20
Q
why did break and enters become a problem after WWII
A
- increased volume of desired portable items like electronics
- lower household occupancy (more live alone, or one part families)
- decreasing supervision of certain at-risk groups
21
Q
why have break and enters declined in recent years
A
- due to higher occupancy
- cost of living
- aging population and early retirements
- alarm systems
- victims may be less likely to report the incidents
22
Q
how many break and enters are reported
A
about half
23
Q
true/false goods stolen in home burglaries are frequently recovered
A
false
24
Q
true/false most break-ins are cleared by arrest
A
- false
- maybe 15% are
25
what are the different break and enter offenders
- professional burglar
- amateur burglar
26
describe professional burglars
- small minority
- planned and skilled
- high value targets
27
describe amateur burglars
- more opportunistic
- may re-victimize some residence because they're familiar and they know they have good stuff
28
what is the motivation for break and enters
- steal goods for their own use/ or direct cash
- steal items for resale
29
who do break and enters target
- usually strangers
- may be familiar w the home or neighbourhood
- unoccupied residencies
- residence not visible from street or other houses
- no complex alarms or dogs
- close to the burglars house
30
what is the mental effect on the victim of a break and enter
- more traumatic than simple thefts
- leave victim in fear it will reoccur
- sense of violation
- may be afraid to stay alone
31
**true/false** violence is common in break and enters
- true
- occurs in 1/3 of them *this might be an unreported number tho*
32
what is the main form of property crime
theft
33
what is theft
- act of dishonestly taking property belonging to another
- with the intention of depriving the owner of it
- either permanently or temportatily
34
**true/false** theft involves the use of force
false
35
is theft common
- yes
- 1/10 canadians will be a victim of it
36
what are the CC sections for theft
- there are 14
- theft over 5000 *more severe*
- theft under 5000 *more common, less severe*
37
**true/false** most theft occurs to victims losing over $100
- **false**
- half is less than $100
38
who are the common victims of theft
- 15-24 years old
- females
- higher income households
- in commercial building or around victims home
39
what is motor vehicle theft
theft or attempted theft of motorized vehicles
40
why is motor vehicle theft constistently reported
- high value
- insured status
41
why does motor vehicle theft result in death and injuries a lot
a high proportion of stolen cars are involved in accidents
42
who typically account for vehicle thefts
youth males aged 15-17
about 30%
43
why do people steal vehicles
- joyriding
- temporary or long term transport
- use by organized crime
- illegal export to another country
- stripping for chop shops
44
how much of all car theft is linked to organized crime and shipped overseas in canada
about 1/4
45
**true/false** cars are often stolen by force when the victim is in or near the car
- FALSE
- very small proportion happen this way
46
**true/false** car jackings are motor vehicle theft
- FALSE
- technically robberies
- due to the use or threat of force
47
what is the most stolen vehicles
- 2018 Honda CR-V SUV
- Lexuses
- Ford pickup trucks
48
why do organized crime groups target SUVs
can bypass security systems
49
what are the deterrence initiatives for motor vehicle theft
- bait cars
- hidden cameras
- "kill" devices that disable the engine and lock the doors
50
describe project taurus
- started in 2021 by the TPS (toronto police service)
- perps would use distraction methods and would swarm victims when entering/ leaving their cars using weapons and remove them from the car
- happened around toronto/ york
- they would disable GPS and transport overseas
- 7 suspects were arrested, although they know many more are out there
- decided to reform the organized crime investigative support team
51
what is referred to as "the five fingered discount"
shoplifting
52
**true/false** shiplifting is usually taking small things for personal use, not resale
true
53
shoplifting is worse when
at christmas
54
**true/false** shoplifting is often undetected or not stopped
true
55
why is shoplifting hard to prevent
* by trying to make items more appealing and accessible to customers, stores are making them easier to steal
* an overly harsh approach to shoplifters may turn people off, and being too easy on them may cause a reputation of being an easy target
56
who are the typical shoplifting offenders
- youth
- men more than women, but it is the crime of choice for women
- 2/3 people have done it
- not necessarily related to socio-economic status
- often impulsive
57
what are the types of shoplifters
- amateur pilferer
- booster or heel
- kleptomaniac
58
what is the most common type of shoplifter
- amateur pilferer
- 90%
59
describe the amateur pilferer
- usually respectable
- most common type
- usually responds to an opportunity following a stressful experience
- or the need to demonstrate competence
60
**true/false** when a youth amateur pilferer is caught shoplifting, they will usually change behaviour
false
61
**true/false** when an adult amateur pilferer is caught shoplifting, they will usually change behaviour
true
62
describe the booster or heel
- professional shoplifter
- will often resell items for 1/2 o 1/3 of original cost
- or steal to order
- can be a part of an organized group
- sometimes steals for personal interest
63
describe the kleptomaniac
- driven to steal
- not for material gain
- for thrill and arousal gained from the experience
- make up a SMALL percentage of shoplifters
64
