Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS

A

Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen November 8, 1895. The discovery took place in Dr. Roentgen’s physics laboratory at the University of Wurzburg, Germany.

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2
Q

DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS

Shortly after the discovery, the medical field recognized x-rays as a valuable diagnostic tool, especially for detecting skeletal fractures. X-rays became essential in diagnosing diseases, and treatment of tumors.

A

Medical recognition and use

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3
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF X-RAY

A

Electromagnetic Radiation: X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, part of a spectrum that includes visible light.

Wavelength and Energy: X-rays have a significantly shorter wavelength and greater energy compared to visible light.

Wave-like Motion: X-ray photons travel in a wave-like motion through air or matter.

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4
Q

Ionizing Radiation and Safety Guidelines

X-radiation can ionize tissue,
causing

A

Biologic changes

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5
Q

Ionizing Radiation and Safety Guidelines

Operators of
radiographic equipment must follow guidelines to prevent unnecessary exposure and protect patients and radiology personnel from the dangers
of ionizing radiation.

A

Importance of guidelines

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6
Q

Protection Measures for Radiographers

A

-Limit time
-increase distance
-use shielding

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7
Q

Rules of Time, Distance, and Shielding:
* : Use the shortest possible exposure time.

A

Time

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8
Q

Rules of Time, Distance, and Shielding:

  • : Always stand behind a shield containing
    the prescribed amount of lead or lead equivalent.
A

Shielding

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8
Q

Rules of Time, Distance, and Shielding:

  • : Maintain the longest distance possible
    from the source of x-rays.
A

Distance

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9
Q

Most radiographic
departments are designed to accommodate
these basic rules.

A

Department Design

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10
Q

By adhering to these
rules, radiographers can expect to be
protected from exposure to ionizing
radiation.

A

Adherence to rules

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11
Q

X-ray photons are to the human
eye

A

Invisible

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11
Q

As x-rays travel through air, they ionize it,
producing an electrical charge. This makes the
photons detectable by ionization chambers, which
measure the ions produced.
IC – to detect # xray photons

A

Ionization

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12
Q

X-ray photons travel at the speed of light,
approximately 3 x 10^8 m/sec.

A

Speed

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13
Q

X-ray photons travel in
straight lines and diverge from their point of
origin.

A

Straight-line travel

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14
Q

X-ray photons cannot be
deflected by mirrors or other devices.

A

Non-deflectability

15
Q

X-ray photons cannot be focused by a lens,
as with .

A

Photography

16
Q

X-ray photons travel in straight lines and
diverge from the .

A

Point of origin

17
Q

X-ray photons cannot be deflected by
or other devices.

18
Q

When x-ray photons STRIKE CERTAIN SUBSTANCES,
visible light is emitted. This is called

A

Luminescence

19
Q

X-ray photons will cause changes to occur in the
of photographic film.

A

Sensitive emulsion

20
Q

When x-radiation interacts with matter,
radiation and radiation are produced

A

Secondary, scatter

21
Q

When x-ray photons strike certain
substances, visible light is emitted, a phenomenon
known as .

A

Luminescence

22
Q

X-ray photons cause
changes in the sensitive emulsion of photographic
film

A

Photographic Effects

23
Interaction with matter produces radiation and radiation.
Secondary and scatter radiation
24
X-ray photons cannot be focused by a lens, unlike visible light used in photography
Inability to focus
25
– Magnification, Elongation and Foreshortening
Recorded detail
26
Shorter the wavelength the the frequency. It is inversely proportional
Higher
27
Frequency and energy . It is directly proportional
Goes up/Increase/higher
28
Increase in Energy and shorter wavelength is inversely proportional
Only energy wavelength is inversely proportional and frequency and energy is the only directly proportional
29
2 chemicals that are used for processing latent image to visible image -
Developer and fixer
30
SID - SOURCE TO IMAGE DISTANCE, FAR has great image OID - OBJECT TO IMAGE, NEAR has great image SOD - SOURCE TO OBJECT, FAR has great image
Only OID has great image in near
31
Gurney mott theory
Formation of latent image
32
When x-rays strike substances inside film holders, such as intensifying screen phosphors, they produce light
Intensifying Screen Phosphors
33
Heart of radiographic or x-ray film
Emulsion
34
Role of Light: This light plays a crucial role in exposing the sensitive film emulsion, enhancing the action of the x-rays.
Light = xray film (emulsion) latent image (chemicals) = visible image
35
_: The object exposed to x-radiation becomes a source of scatter and secondary _.
Source of radiation, rays
36
__: Radiographers and other personnel must protect themselves from scatter and secondary radiation using lead barriers, such as leaded glass or lead-lined walls and doors.
Lead barriers