Chapter 2 Management Danna

Question 1

:Management is getting tasks done through people in an
organized group

Answer 1

Harold Koontz

Question 2

:Management is planning, organizing, and controlling
resources to achieve objectives.

Answer 2

Robert L. Trewelly and M. Gene Newport

Question 3

: Management is working with and through others to meet
organizational goals efficiently in a changing environment.

Answer 3

Kreitner

Question 4

:Management is knowing what to do, when to do it, and
doing it effectively at the lowest cost.

Answer 4

Frederick Taylor

Question 5

focuses on executing day-to-day tasks like planning,
organizing, staffing, and controlling within departments.

Answer 5

Management

Question 6

• is responsible for creating policies, setting goals, and
  defining the vision and mission. It formulates plans while management
  implements them.

Answer 6

Administration

Question 7

involves overseeing operations and ensuring goals are
met.

Answer 7

Management

Question 8

is about inspiring and motivating a team toward a shared
vision.

Answer 8

Leadership

Question 9

Leadership vs. Management:

Answer 9

1. Managers delegate tasks; leaders inspire and motivate.
2. Management focuses on planning, organizing, and controlling; leadership
   emphasizes listening, teamwork, and building relationships.
3. A manager’s authority comes from their position; a leader’s authority
   comes from followers.
4. Managers follow policies; leaders follow instincts.
5. Management is scientific and logical; leadership is an art focused on
   people and influence.

Question 10

Levels of Management:

Answer 10

1. Senior Management: Sets goals, decides strategy, and manages
   resources (e.g., CEO, CFO, VPs).
2. Middle Management: Implements strategies, sets departmental goals,
   and oversees teams (e.g., department heads).
3. Supervisory Management: Manages day-to-day operations and directly
   supervises staff (e.g., team leaders, store managers).

Question 17

Management Theories Overview:

Answer 17

Management theories offer frameworks and strategies to improve
organizational efficiency. Managers often combine concepts from various
theories to suit their workplace needs. Although some theories were
developed long ago, they remain relevant today.

Question 18

Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management (Taylorism):

Answer 18

• Taylor emphasized efficiency by breaking down tasks into small units and
  studying work processes. His approach aimed to improve productivity
  through close collaboration between managers and workers. Taylor’s
  methods influenced later management practices, especially in production
  and healthcare.

Question 19

2. Max Weber and Bureaucratic Management:

Answer 19

Weber introduced the concept of bureaucracy as an ideal organizational
model, focused on hierarchy, clear rules, and division of labor. He emphasized
professionalism and a systematic structure, contrasting with the unstructured
practices of his time. Bureaucracy ensures consistency and fairness in
decision-making.

Question 20

3. Henri Fayol and Administrative Theory:

Answer 20

• Fayol focused on the overall organization rather than individual tasks. He
  identified five core management functions: planning, organizing, staffing,
  directing, and controlling. Fayol’s top-down approach laid the foundation for
  modern management principles and remains widely applicable across
  organizations

Question 21

• Setting objectives and determining actions to achieve goals.
  It involves forecasting and preparing plans like budgets and strategies to
  guide future activities.

Answer 21

1. Planning:

Question 22

Allocating resources (people, capital, equipment) to
achieve the objectives. It includes developing organizational structures and
coordinating efforts through an established hierarchy.

Answer 22

2. Organizing:

Question 23

Guiding and motivating employees to accomplish tasks
effectively. This includes supervision, motivation, leadership, and
communication.

Answer 23

4. Directing:

Question 23

Ensuring the right people are in the right roles. Critical in
service industries like healthcare, this function focuses on recruitment and
personnel management.

Answer 23

3. Staffing:

Question 24

Monitoring progress, comparing actual outcomes with
plans, and making adjustments to stay on track.

Answer 24

5.Controlling:

Question 25

The behavioral approach emphasizes
human factors like motivation, group dynamics, and employee involvement
over just monetary incentives. Mayo’s studies showed that attention to social
and psychological needs increases productivity.

Answer 25

1. Elton Mayo (Hawthorne Effect):

Question 26

Theory X views workers as lazy
and needing direction, while Theory Y sees them as self-motivated and
capable of responsibility. Managers may blend both approaches based on
the situation.

Answer 26

2. Douglas McGregor (Theory X and Y):

Question 27

Emphasizes employee loyalty, long-term
employment, and work-life balance. It focuses on stable employment, high
productivity, and job satisfaction.

Answer 27

3. William Ouchi (Theory Z):

Question 28

Significance in Healthcare:

Answer 28

Healthcare service managers coordinate the delivery of quality patient care
in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities. They require a balance of
healthcare knowledge and management skills to maintain safe, efficient, and
profitable operations while leading teams of medical and administrative
professionals.