Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

operant vs classical

A

classical relies on reflexive assocaitons and is for involuntary responses
operant is based on consequences and influences tendency of voluntary behaviour

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2
Q

operant conditioning

A

reward = increase in behaviour
punishment = decrease

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3
Q

Thorndike box

A

cat put in box and escapes by pulling string and turning latch

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4
Q

law of effect

A

tendency to perform action is increased if rewarded and weakened if not

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5
Q

Skinner box and shaping

A

Skinner had rat in box, pressed lever to get reward. To get rat to press lever, shaping is used that rewards rat for behaviour that resembles pulling lever until he actually does pull lever. helps animals adapt to behaviour in environment

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6
Q

Superstition

A

Skinner had fixed interval reward. animal would do action that think got him the reward and would do weird stuff. athletes do the same thing

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7
Q

animal training techniques

A

baiting: placing reinforcer in location and then reinforcing animal makes them move to location
mimics: motivation to copy behaviour of other animals/trainer to get rewarded
Sculpting: forcing certain behaviours to make animal do something and reinforcing, so when unforced animal will complete this behaviour
instructions

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8
Q

Chaining

A

Behaviours that are made up of smaller steps. reinforce each step can be completed backwards or forwards. e.g. tieing shoelaces

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9
Q

positive/negative rewards/punishment

A

positive reward - gaining good
negative reward - losing bad (good)
positive punishment - gaining bad
negative punishment - losing good (bad)

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10
Q

Bridging

A

reinforcing when not right there with animal. similar to classical conditioning. animal will know a signal that knows it did something good and will come back to gain reinforcement

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11
Q

schedules of reinforcement

A

continuous = each time done
partial = sometimes
ratio = instances of behaviour
interval = time from behaviour
fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, variable ratio
post-reinforcement pause for fixed schedules

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12
Q

which schedule is best, why?

A

variable ratio, because unknown when get reward so animal will consistently be doing the behaviour waiting for reward to come

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13
Q

effective punishment

A

continous (every time), no delay from action to punishment, dont give pity reinforcement, reinforce opposite behaviour

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14
Q

Reward variables

A

drive, must want the reward
size, bigger reward = quicker acquisition but quicker extinction,
delay, give reward immediately

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15
Q

three term contingency

A

discriminative stimulus = must discriminate when the right time/environement to execute the behaviour
operant response = behaviour itself
outcome = consequence

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16
Q

stimulus generalisation/discrimination

A

generalisation = when response is reinforced in one stimulus, there is tendency for behaviour to be executed in similar stimulus settings.
discrimination = degree to which behaviour is executed in right environment. do not give consequence for behaviour in wrong stimulus, will learn