Lecture 4 Flashcards
Global partnerships, assignments, and negotiations
What are the three different ways to acquire culture?
- Formal learning
- Informal learning
- Technical learning
What is formal learning in acquiring culture
Older generations teach younger generations cultural behaviors, norms and values.
What is informal learning in acquiring culture
children get ‘taught’ the culture through interactions with friends and family.
What is technical learning in acquiring culture
teachers teach students culture in an educational setting.
what is enculturation?
the acquiring of one’s own culture
What is acculturation?
The acquisition of culture different from one’s own.
What is Hofstede’s onion model made up of?
**Culture **consists of various layers and we often compare it with an onion. On the outer layer of the onion, you’ll have symbols, such as food, logos, colours or monuments. The next layer consists of heroes, and can include real life public figures, like statesmen, athletes or company founders, or figures such as Superman in popular culture. On the third layer, closest to the core, youll find rituals, such as sauna, karaoke, or meetings. At the core there are values.
Trompenaar’s and Hampden-
Turner model of culture
Basic assumptions: the implicit assumptions behind norms and values which form the base. Hard to uncover.
Norms and values: principles
artifacts and products
What are Hofstede’s dimensions of culture
- High vs. low power distance
- Uncertainty avoidance
- Masculinity vs femininity
- Indulgence vs. restraint
- Individualism vs. collectivism
- Long vs. short term orientation
- Pragmatic vs normative
Hofstede: power distance
This refers to the degree of power that exists – and
is accepted – between people with and without
power.
Hofstede: individualism vs. collectivism
This refers to the strength of the ties that people have to others within their community and conformity within it.
Hofstede: masculinity vs. femininity
This is mostly attributed to the distribution of roles between men and women.
Hofstede: uncertainty avoidance
This dimension describes how well people can cope with uncertainty and the degree to which life is made controllable.
Hofstede: pragmatic vs. normative
Used to be: long-term vs. short-yerm orientation
It refers to the degree to which people need to explain the inexplicable.
In general terms, countries that score highly for PRA tend to be pragmatic, modest,
long-term oriented, and more thrifty.
* In low-scoring countries, people tend to place more emphasis on principles, consistency and truth and are typically more religious and nationalist.
Hofstede: indulgence vs. restraint
Hofstede’s sixth dimension, discovered and described together with Michael Minkov, is also relatively new, and is therefore accompanied by less data.
* Countries with a high IVR score allow or encourage relatively free gratification
of people’s own drives and emotions, such as enjoying life and having fun.
* In a society with a low IVR score, there is more emphasis on suppressing gratification and more regulation of people’s conduct and behavior, and there are stricter social norms.
