Lecture 4

Question 1

sterile cause

Answer 1

cannot find the pathogen involved

Question 2

pathogenic / infectious cause

Answer 2

can find the pathogen involved

Question 3

what are the types of inflammation (2)

Answer 3

acute and chronic

Question 4

inflammation has to do with ______, not ________

Answer 4

speed , intensity / severity

Question 5

self-limiting meaning

Answer 5

can resolve itself

Question 6

celsus

Answer 6

redness, heat, swelling, pain

Question 7

virchow

Answer 7

loss of function

Question 8

systemic events

Answer 8

fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, leukocytosis

Question 9

leukocytosis

Answer 9

increase in leukocyte number and acute phrase proteins

Question 10

what is the aim of the host when inflammation occurs?

Answer 10

to deliver leukocytes and plasma proteins to injury / infection site for removal of necrotic tissue or pathogen

Question 11

what are the steps of inflammation being resolved? (4)

Answer 11

1. recognition of tissue damage or pathogen
2. recruitment (of leukocytes and plasma proteins)
3. leukocytes and plasma proteins enter tissues
4. repair of tissue

Question 12

what are PRRs

Answer 12

pattern recognition receptors

Question 13

what do PRRs recognize?

Answer 13

pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
and
danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)

Question 14

what are PAMPs

Answer 14

highly conserved structures in viruses, bacteria, fungi

Question 15

what are DAMPs

Answer 15

released by injured and necrotic cells

Question 16

LPS are on gram ____ bacteria

Answer 16

neg

Question 17

the toll/IL-1 receptor is important in _____

Answer 17

downstream signalling

Question 18

the TIR receptor is a _____

Answer 18

cytokine

Question 19

the TIR receptor does what

Answer 19

recruits other adapter proteins

Question 20

how many NOD-ike receptors are there (NLRs)

Answer 20

> 20

Question 21

what are the four families of the NLRs

Answer 21

NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP

Question 22

which of the four families of NLRs function in the innate immune system?

Answer 22

NLRB, NLRC, NLRP

Question 23

What are the common structural features of the NLRs

Answer 23

c-terminal is leucine rich repeat domain
central NOD (nucleotid-binding oligomerization domain)
n-terminal effector domain - differ between families, (i.e. NLRP uses a pyrin domain)

Question 24

some of the NLRB, NLRC, and NLRP families activate ____________

Answer 24

inflammasomes

Question 25

the basis of signal ____ activation is unclear as there are multiple ligands that could cause it

Answer 25

2

Question 26

mutations in _____ causes recurrent episodes of inflammation

Answer 26

NLRP3

Question 27

when the host is recruiting leukocytes and plasma proteins to the site, there needs to be an increase in ________ and ______

Answer 27

blood flow , capillary permeability

Question 28

with the gaps in the vascular permeability stage, what can leave?

Answer 28

fluid, as well as plasma proteins

Question 29

leukocytes undergo ____ pretty quickly

Answer 29

apoptosis