Lecture 4 Flashcards
sterile cause
cannot find the pathogen involved
pathogenic / infectious cause
can find the pathogen involved
what are the types of inflammation (2)
acute and chronic
inflammation has to do with ______, not ________
speed , intensity / severity
self-limiting meaning
can resolve itself
celsus
redness, heat, swelling, pain
virchow
loss of function
systemic events
fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, leukocytosis
leukocytosis
increase in leukocyte number and acute phrase proteins
what is the aim of the host when inflammation occurs?
to deliver leukocytes and plasma proteins to injury / infection site for removal of necrotic tissue or pathogen
what are the steps of inflammation being resolved? (4)
- recognition of tissue damage or pathogen
- recruitment (of leukocytes and plasma proteins)
- leukocytes and plasma proteins enter tissues
- repair of tissue
what are PRRs
pattern recognition receptors
what do PRRs recognize?
pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
and
danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
what are PAMPs
highly conserved structures in viruses, bacteria, fungi
what are DAMPs
released by injured and necrotic cells
LPS are on gram ____ bacteria
neg
the toll/IL-1 receptor is important in _____
downstream signalling
the TIR receptor is a _____
cytokine
the TIR receptor does what
recruits other adapter proteins
how many NOD-ike receptors are there (NLRs)
> 20
what are the four families of the NLRs
NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, NLRP
which of the four families of NLRs function in the innate immune system?
NLRB, NLRC, NLRP
What are the common structural features of the NLRs
c-terminal is leucine rich repeat domain
central NOD (nucleotid-binding oligomerization domain)
n-terminal effector domain - differ between families, (i.e. NLRP uses a pyrin domain)
some of the NLRB, NLRC, and NLRP families activate ____________
inflammasomes
the basis of signal ____ activation is unclear as there are multiple ligands that could cause it
2
mutations in _____ causes recurrent episodes of inflammation
NLRP3
when the host is recruiting leukocytes and plasma proteins to the site, there needs to be an increase in ________ and ______
blood flow , capillary permeability
with the gaps in the vascular permeability stage, what can leave?
fluid, as well as plasma proteins
leukocytes undergo ____ pretty quickly
apoptosis
