LECTURE 4

Question 1

According to the video Protein Synthesis, where does transcription take place within a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Transcription takes place in the nucleus within a eukaryotic cell.

Question 2

According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the job of an RNA polymerase? What does it create?

Answer 2

It connects complementary RNA bases to DNA.

Question 3

According to the video Protein Synthesis, in eukaryotes, the mRNA travels from the nucleus, through the cytoplasm to where?

Answer 3

It then attaches to a ribosome.

Question 4

According to the video Protein Synthesis, how does the tRNA know which amino acids to bring to make a protein?

Answer 4

The mRNA directs which tRNA comes in and therefore which amino acids are transferred.

Question 5

According to the video Protein Synthesis, amino acids are chained together with which type of bond?

Answer 5

Peptide

Question 6

According to the video Protein Synthesis, what is the function of a stop codon?

Answer 6

When a ribosome approaches it, it indicates that the protein building is finished.

Question 7

Regarding the transcription process, what is the difference between a template (antisense) strand and coding (sense) strand of DNA?

Answer 7

The coding strand is complementary to the template. Antisense can’t get sent out so it stays inside the nucleus.

Question 8

During the transcription process, is a primer needed to begin the process?

Answer 8

No primer, but a promoter.

Question 9

Regarding the transcription process, synthesis proceeds from a ___ to ___ direction (the same as DNA replication). Fill in the blanks.

Answer 9

(A) 5’
(B) 3’

Question 10

What must be attached to an RNA polymerase (other than the DNA it’s copying) to begin the transcription process?

Answer 10

Promoter

Question 11

Which statement describes what occurs during the initiation process of transcription?

Answer 11

Binding RNA polymerase to the promoter, and then RNA polymerase starts to unwind the DNA helix.

Question 12

What is usually needed in order to begin the elongation stage of transcription? (it is the first thing we discussed on chapter fifteen slide fifteen)

Answer 12

ATP and GTP

Question 13

Which statement describes what occurs during the elongation process of transcription?

Answer 13

Creates a long chain of nucleotides

Question 14

What is the definition of a transcription bubble and when is it present within your nucleus?

Answer 14

Equivalent to replication fork, RNA polymerase looks like an oval/bubble, inside you are creating the strands, from the template

Question 15

There are no proofreading capabilities when completing the transcription process which can result in many copy errors. What do our cells do to try and fix this problem?

Answer 15

There are multiple gene transcription copies of the same portion that hope to come out right. RNA poly will make a few copies and hope for the best.

Question 16

Which statement describes what occurs during the termination stage of transcription?

Answer 16

At the end of transcription, stop sequence codons alert that it is coming to the end of transcription. The DNA will start to close up and RNA polymerase will get reused.

Question 17

During eukaryotic transcription, multiple RNA polymerases are utilized instead of using one general-use RNA polymerase. Which statement accurately describes the function of RNA polymerase I, II, or III?

Answer 17

RNA poly I transcribes rNA and recognizes promoters, RNA poly II transcribes mRNA and small nuclear RNAs, RNA poly III transcribes tRNA and small RNAs.

Question 18

During eukaryotic transcription, multiple different promoters are attached to the varying RNA polymerases. Which statement accurately describes the promoters attached RNA polymerase I, II, or III?

Answer 18

I will each have a different promoter. II will be the most complex because of the TATA box. III transcribes RNA and creates tons of small ones.

Question 19

How does the initiation stage of transcription vary between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 19

Prokaryotes bind promoter and RNA polymerase and unwind the double helix. Eukaryotes take RNA polymerase, attach it to the promoter, and unwind DNA, but needs more instruments

Question 20

Eukaryotes can complete pre and posttranscriptional modifications to protect the mRNA strand. Why does the mRNA strand have to be “protected?”

Answer 20

Cytoplasm could destroy it.

Question 21

Which statement describes when the 5’ cap is added to protect mRNA or what the 5’ cap is made of?

Answer 21

Made of backbone, phosphates, carbon sugars, and nitrogenous groups. There to protect mRNA before the cytoplasm.