Lecture 4

Question 1

Cleavage

Answer 1

involves a social division that separates people who can be distinguished from one another in terms of social-structural characteristics (occupation, statues, religion, ethnicity).
It cannot be defined at the political level alone. The groups in a division must be conscious of their collective identity (e.g. as a worker or American) and be willing to act on this basis.
It must be expressed in organizational terms - sometimes occurs as the result of a union or church or something that gives formal expression to the interests of those in the division.

Question 2

4 classic cleavages

Answer 2

1 center/periphery
2 church/state
3 rural/urban
4 class cleavage (owner/worker)