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Stats Midterm > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for something that produces stable and precise measurements?

A

Reliability

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2
Q

If we get the same results over and over again the results are?

A

Reliable

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3
Q

How is reliability assessed?

A

Test-retest
parallel/alternate forms
Internal-consistency (cronbach’s alpha)

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4
Q

What are the essential characteristics of a good measurement?

A

Reliability

Validity

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5
Q

What is the term for when the instrument measures what it’s supposed to?

A

Validity

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6
Q

What is test-retest reliability?

A

Reliability across time

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7
Q

Parallel/alternate forms is reliability?

A

Across different versions of a test/questionnaire

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8
Q

Internal-consistency reliability measures what?

A

Stability within the measurement instrument

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9
Q

In psychology we want our measures to have what reliability scores?

A

> /= .80 (strongly correlated)

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10
Q

If a measure is not reliable it can be what?

A

Valid

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11
Q

What are the 3 ways validity is assessed?

A

content validity
criterion-related validity
construct validity

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12
Q

What measure includes all relevant content for the construct is’t supposed to measure?

A

Content Validity

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13
Q

What looks like it’s measuring what it’s supposed to measure?

A

Face validity

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14
Q

What measure coincides with present performance or predicts future performance?

A

Criterion-related validity

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15
Q

What type of validity describes scores on a test being similar with other measures of the construct?

A

Concurrent validity

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16
Q

What type of validity accurately predicts future performance related to construct?

A

Predictive

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17
Q

What measure captures the theoretical construct is was designed to measure?

A

Construct Validity

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18
Q

Construct validity is established by demonstrating what two subtypes of validity over time?

A

Convergent

Divergent

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19
Q

What measure correlates with other measures related to the same construct?

A

Convergent validity

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20
Q

Whta measure doesn’t correlate with other measures that are not related to the construct?

A

Divergent (Discriminant) Validity

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21
Q

What does validity require?

A

Reliability

22
Q

You can have a measure with what?

A

Low reliability

High validity

23
Q

What are the purposes for doing correlational research?

A

examined relationships between naturally occurring variables.

24
Q

What is the purpose of a scatterplot?

A

describe strength and direction of relationship between variables

25
Q

strength on scatterplot is indicated by what?

A

how close the points cluster together

26
Q

direction on scatterplot is indicated by what?

A

whether the ling slopes up or down from L to R.

27
Q

What are the types of relationships between variables as shown by scatterplots?

A

Positive
Negative
No relation
Curvilinear

28
Q

As one variable increases the other also tends to increase or as one decreases the other also decreases. This is know as what type of relationship?

A

Positive

29
Q

As one variable increases the other tends to decrease or as one variable decreases the other increases. This is known as what type of relationship?

A

Negative

30
Q

When variables don’t have a linear relationship with each other what type of relationship is that?

A

No relationship

31
Q

What type of relationship is described as one variable increasing while the other variable increases and decreases?

A

Curvilinear

32
Q

What is the most common mathematical way of summarizing the strength and direction of linear relationship between 2 continuous variables?

A

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient: Pearson’s r (correlation coefficient)

33
Q

When a correlation coefficient is close to 1.00 what type of relationship is that?

A

Stronger

34
Q

When a correlation coefficient is close to 0.00 what type of relationship is that?

A

Weak

35
Q

Correlation coefficients can only be used for what type of relaitonships

A

Linear

36
Q

What is the null hypothesis?

A

Ho-no relationship or not expected relationship will be found

37
Q

What is alternate hypothesis?

A

H1-expected relationship will be found

38
Q

When doing a non-directional two tailed hypotheses what would you say

A

There is a relationship between X and Y.

39
Q

directional one tailed hypotheses are based on research hypotheses of what?

A

Positive OR negative but not both

40
Q

What does a P value tell you?

A

The probability that you got the correlation due to chance if null was true/

41
Q

Example of p value results?

A

P value of .32 means 32% of the time you could find a relationship if null is true.

42
Q

What is the amount of chance you are willing to accept?

A

Alpha level

43
Q

If p value is less than alpha what does that mean?

A

Reject Null

44
Q

If p value is more than alpha what does that mean?

A

Fail to reject null

45
Q

What allows you to interpret the relationship in terms of variance explained?

A

Effect size

46
Q

The effect size is called what?

A

Coefficient of determination or r2

47
Q

r2 tells you what?

A

Proportion of variance in one variable that can be predicted by the other.

48
Q

How to report correlation in APA?

A

r(N)=PearsonsR, p>,05/.01, r2=.**

49
Q

r2 equals what?

A

Square of Pearson’s r/correlation coefficient

50
Q

After you know 2 variables are correlated you can use on to predict the other; this is called?

A

Linear regression analysis

Stats Midterm (6 decks)

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