Lecture 4 Flashcards
Where does the anterior arterial circulation of the brain originate from? Be sure to be familiar with the original arterial connections from the heart.
RIGHT
- LV - ascending aorta - brachiocephalic artery - R common carotid artery - R Internal Carotid A
LEFT
- LV - Ascending Aorta - Aortic arch -L Common Carotid artery - L Internal Carotid artery
Through what opening does the anterior circulation enter the skull?
carotid arteries through carotid canal
Where does the posterior arterial circulation of the brain originate from? Be sure to be familiar with the original arterial connections from the heart
RIGHT
- LV - Ascending aorta - Brachiocephalic artery - R subclavian artery - R vertebral artery
LEFT
- LV - Ascending aorta - Aortic arch - L subclavian artery - L vertebral artery
Through what opening does the posterior circulation enter the skull?
vertebral arteries through foramen magnum
What arteries make up the anterior circulation of the brain?
- anterior and middle cerebral arteries
- anterior chorodial artery
- anterior and posterior communicating artery
- opthalmic artery
Describe the basic trajectory taken by the anterior cerebral artery as it travels through the cerebrum.
- Runs in longitudinal fissure above corpus callosum
- medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes
What structures does the anterior cerebral artery supply as a whole?
- medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes
What are the two branches of the anterior cerebral artery? Can you generally describe where they travel based on the picture?
- callosomarginal artery - runs above cingulate gyrus
- pericallosal artery - runs along corpus callosum
Describe the basic trajectory of the middle cerebral artery as it travels through the cerebrum.
- runs in sylvian fissure
- superior division - supplies above sylvian fissure
- inferior division - supplies below sylvian fissure
- lenticulostriate arteries - supply basil ganglia, internal capsule
What structures does the middle cerebral artery supply?
- lateral frontal lobe
- lateral parietal lobe
- insular cortex
- medial and lateral temporal lobes
- basal ganglia
- internal capsule
- limbic structures
What are the 3 divisions of the middle cerebral artery? Where do they originate and travel to?
- stem - thickest part that supplies insular cortex, medial temporal and deep structures
- superior - lateral frontal and parietal lobes
- inferior - lateral temporal and some of parietal lobe
What are the lenticulostriate arteries? Where do they arise from and what do they supply?
- small arteries off of stem that supplies basal ganglia and internal capsule
Where does the anterior choroidal artery originate from?
- Arises off Internal carotid artery near where Middle carotid artery arises
What structures does the anterior choroidal artery supply?
- choroid plexus of lateral ventricles, optic tract, and deep structures of telencephalon
What is the function of the Circle of Willis?
- provide collateral blood flow between anterior & posterior circulations of brain, R & L
What arteries make up the Circle of Willis?
1) anterior cerebral arteries
2) anterior communicating arteries
3) posterior communicating arteries
4) posterior cerebral arteries
What arteries make up the posterior circulation of the brainstem and brain?
- Posterior Cerebral Arteries
- Basilar Artery
- Superior Cerebellar Arteries
- Labyrinthine Arteries
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
- Anterior Spinal Arteries
Describe the basic trajectory taken by the posterior cerebral artery as it travels through the cerebrum
Arises from Basilar Artery and travels posteriorly to occiput
What are the major branches of the posterior cerebral arteries? What structures do they supply?
- Superficial branches (anterior and posterior inferior temporal and calcarine arteries) - supplies medial and inferior occipital lobes and inferior temporal lobes
- Deep branches - supplies midbrain, thalamus, subthalamic structures
Subcortical circulation is often split into arteries that stem from the vertebral versus basilar arteries. What arteries stem from the vertebral arteries and what structures do they supply?
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar artery (PICA) - lateral medulla and inferior cerebellum
- Anterior spinal artery - medial medulla and anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
- Posterior spinal cord - dorsal medial medulla, posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
- Basilar artery
What arteries stem from the basilar artery and what structures do they supply?
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery (AICA) - caudal pons and cerebellum
- Labyrinthine artery - internal acoustic meatus to cochlea and vestibular apparatus
- Pontine artery - rostral lateral pons (circumferential)
- superior cerebellar artery (SCA) - cerebellum
Where can paramedian and circumferential arteries be found in the posterior arterial supply, and what are their overall purpose?
- branch off main branches of basilar artery branches to further supply deeper brainstem structures
What are the major arteries that supply the spinal cord? How is their vascular distribution divided?
- anterior spinal artery - 2/3 of cord
- posterior spinal artery - 1/3 of cord
What are the segmental radicular arteries? How do they support the major spinal arteries?
- branches off descending thoracic artery to help provide additional vascularization
What is the function of the central venous drainage system?
remove deoxygenated blood, harmful materials and circulated cerebrospinal fluid from the brain
What is the difference between a sinus and a vein in the cerebrum?
- sinuses don’t have valves (like collection pools) and are found between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
Where are sinuses located?
between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
What are the two major pathways that drainage will travel through the cerebral sinus system?
1) straight (great cerebral vein + inferior sagittal), superior and inferior - confluence of sinuses - transverse - sigmoid - internal jugular vein
2) cavernous (opthalmic veins) - superior and inferior petrosal - internal jugular vein
What veins make up the superficial venous system? What area of the cortex do they drain and where do they travel to?
1) superior cerebral V - drains superior surface of each hemisphere into superior sagittal sinus
2) duperficial middle cerebral vein - drains lateral surface of each hemisphere into cavernous sinus
3) inferior cerebral vein - drains inferior aspect of each hemisphere into cavernous sinus and transverse sinus
4) superior anastomotic vein - connects superficial middle cerebral vein to superior sagittal sinus
5) inferior anastomotic vein - connects superficial middle cerebral vein to transverse sinus
What veins make up the deep venous system? What area of the cortex do they drain and where do they travel to?
1) anterior cerebral vein - drain deep middle regions of each hemisphere into transverse sinus
2) deep middle cerebral vein - drain insular cortex and some deep lateral regions of each hemisphere into transverse sinus
3) basal vein of Rosenthal - drains medial temporal lobes into great vein of galen
4) internal cerebral vein - drains into great vein of galen
5) great vein of galen - drains thalamus, periventricular regions into inferior sagittal sinus and straight sinus
