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Neuroscience > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the anterior arterial circulation of the brain originate from? Be sure to be familiar with the original arterial connections from the heart.

A

RIGHT
- LV - ascending aorta - brachiocephalic artery - R common carotid artery - R Internal Carotid A
LEFT
- LV - Ascending Aorta - Aortic arch -L Common Carotid artery - L Internal Carotid artery

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2
Q

Through what opening does the anterior circulation enter the skull?

A

carotid arteries through carotid canal

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3
Q

Where does the posterior arterial circulation of the brain originate from? Be sure to be familiar with the original arterial connections from the heart

A

RIGHT
- LV - Ascending aorta - Brachiocephalic artery - R subclavian artery - R vertebral artery
LEFT
- LV - Ascending aorta - Aortic arch - L subclavian artery - L vertebral artery

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4
Q

Through what opening does the posterior circulation enter the skull?

A

vertebral arteries through foramen magnum

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5
Q

What arteries make up the anterior circulation of the brain?

A
  • anterior and middle cerebral arteries
  • anterior chorodial artery
  • anterior and posterior communicating artery
  • opthalmic artery
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6
Q

Describe the basic trajectory taken by the anterior cerebral artery as it travels through the cerebrum.

A
  • Runs in longitudinal fissure above corpus callosum

- medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes

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7
Q

What structures does the anterior cerebral artery supply as a whole?

A
  • medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes
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8
Q

What are the two branches of the anterior cerebral artery? Can you generally describe where they travel based on the picture?

A
  • callosomarginal artery - runs above cingulate gyrus

- pericallosal artery - runs along corpus callosum

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9
Q

Describe the basic trajectory of the middle cerebral artery as it travels through the cerebrum.

A
  • runs in sylvian fissure
  • superior division - supplies above sylvian fissure
  • inferior division - supplies below sylvian fissure
  • lenticulostriate arteries - supply basil ganglia, internal capsule
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10
Q

What structures does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A
  • lateral frontal lobe
  • lateral parietal lobe
  • insular cortex
  • medial and lateral temporal lobes
  • basal ganglia
  • internal capsule
  • limbic structures
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11
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the middle cerebral artery? Where do they originate and travel to?

A
  • stem - thickest part that supplies insular cortex, medial temporal and deep structures
  • superior - lateral frontal and parietal lobes
  • inferior - lateral temporal and some of parietal lobe
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12
Q

What are the lenticulostriate arteries? Where do they arise from and what do they supply?

A
  • small arteries off of stem that supplies basal ganglia and internal capsule
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13
Q

Where does the anterior choroidal artery originate from?

A
  • Arises off Internal carotid artery near where Middle carotid artery arises
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14
Q

What structures does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A
  • choroid plexus of lateral ventricles, optic tract, and deep structures of telencephalon
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15
Q

What is the function of the Circle of Willis?

A
  • provide collateral blood flow between anterior & posterior circulations of brain, R & L
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16
Q

What arteries make up the Circle of Willis?

A

1) anterior cerebral arteries
2) anterior communicating arteries
3) posterior communicating arteries
4) posterior cerebral arteries

17
Q

What arteries make up the posterior circulation of the brainstem and brain?

A
  • Posterior Cerebral Arteries
  • Basilar Artery
  • Superior Cerebellar Arteries
  • Labyrinthine Arteries
  • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
  • Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries
  • Anterior Spinal Arteries
18
Q

Describe the basic trajectory taken by the posterior cerebral artery as it travels through the cerebrum

A

Arises from Basilar Artery and travels posteriorly to occiput

19
Q

What are the major branches of the posterior cerebral arteries? What structures do they supply?

A
  • Superficial branches (anterior and posterior inferior temporal and calcarine arteries) - supplies medial and inferior occipital lobes and inferior temporal lobes
  • Deep branches - supplies midbrain, thalamus, subthalamic structures
20
Q

Subcortical circulation is often split into arteries that stem from the vertebral versus basilar arteries. What arteries stem from the vertebral arteries and what structures do they supply?

A
  • Posterior Inferior Cerebellar artery (PICA) - lateral medulla and inferior cerebellum
  • Anterior spinal artery - medial medulla and anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
  • Posterior spinal cord - dorsal medial medulla, posterior 1/3 of spinal cord
  • Basilar artery
21
Q

What arteries stem from the basilar artery and what structures do they supply?

A
  • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar artery (AICA) - caudal pons and cerebellum
  • Labyrinthine artery - internal acoustic meatus to cochlea and vestibular apparatus
  • Pontine artery - rostral lateral pons (circumferential)
  • superior cerebellar artery (SCA) - cerebellum
22
Q

Where can paramedian and circumferential arteries be found in the posterior arterial supply, and what are their overall purpose?

A
  • branch off main branches of basilar artery branches to further supply deeper brainstem structures
23
Q

What are the major arteries that supply the spinal cord? How is their vascular distribution divided?

A
  • anterior spinal artery - 2/3 of cord

- posterior spinal artery - 1/3 of cord

24
Q

What are the segmental radicular arteries? How do they support the major spinal arteries?

A
  • branches off descending thoracic artery to help provide additional vascularization
25
Q

What is the function of the central venous drainage system?

A

remove deoxygenated blood, harmful materials and circulated cerebrospinal fluid from the brain

26
Q

What is the difference between a sinus and a vein in the cerebrum?

A
  • sinuses don’t have valves (like collection pools) and are found between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura
27
Q

Where are sinuses located?

A

between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura

28
Q

What are the two major pathways that drainage will travel through the cerebral sinus system?

A

1) straight (great cerebral vein + inferior sagittal), superior and inferior - confluence of sinuses - transverse - sigmoid - internal jugular vein
2) cavernous (opthalmic veins) - superior and inferior petrosal - internal jugular vein

29
Q

What veins make up the superficial venous system? What area of the cortex do they drain and where do they travel to?

A

1) superior cerebral V - drains superior surface of each hemisphere into superior sagittal sinus
2) duperficial middle cerebral vein - drains lateral surface of each hemisphere into cavernous sinus
3) inferior cerebral vein - drains inferior aspect of each hemisphere into cavernous sinus and transverse sinus
4) superior anastomotic vein - connects superficial middle cerebral vein to superior sagittal sinus
5) inferior anastomotic vein - connects superficial middle cerebral vein to transverse sinus

30
Q

What veins make up the deep venous system? What area of the cortex do they drain and where do they travel to?

A

1) anterior cerebral vein - drain deep middle regions of each hemisphere into transverse sinus
2) deep middle cerebral vein - drain insular cortex and some deep lateral regions of each hemisphere into transverse sinus
3) basal vein of Rosenthal - drains medial temporal lobes into great vein of galen
4) internal cerebral vein - drains into great vein of galen
5) great vein of galen - drains thalamus, periventricular regions into inferior sagittal sinus and straight sinus

Neuroscience (16 decks)

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