Lecture 39. Topographical and sectional anatomy of the abdomen

Question 1

Planes, lines and points with clinical significance

→ Identify

Answer 1

Question 2

What is Transpyloric plane (L1)?

Answer 2

Transpyloric plane (L1) is an imaginary horizontal plane found halfway between the jugular notch and the pubic simphysis or the xyphoid process and the belly button.

Question 3

To describe the location of thoracic organs, (1)____ is used

→ while position of abdominal organs is rather related to (2)__

Answer 3

1. the midclavicular line
2. the midinguinal line.

Question 4

Identify the red and blue lines

Answer 4

• Red → Midinguinal line
• Blue → Midclavicular line

Question 5

Identify 2 points on the left side

Answer 5

McBurney’s point: iliocoecal junction, the root of the vermiform appendix

Lanz’s point: typical endpoint of the appendix

Question 6

Describe McBurney’s point

Answer 6

iliocoecal junction, the root of the vermiform appendix

Question 7

Describe Lanz’s point

Answer 7

Lanz’s point: typical endpoint of the appendix

Question 8

Name these 3 spaces

Answer 8

Question 9

Identify (purple and red)

Answer 9

Question 10

2 subspaces that SUPRAMESOCOLIC SPACE contain. What is the border between these 2 spaces?

Answer 10

right subphrenic space

left subphrenic space

(the border is the falciform lig.)

Question 11

2 subspaces that inframesocolic space contain. What is the border between these 2 spaces?

Answer 11

right inframesocolic space

left inframesocolic space

(the border is the mesentery)

Question 12

Peritoneal duplications act as natural barriers and avoid spreading of fluids (blood, bile, pus, chyme).

→ On the right direct conection exists between the supramesocolic space and the lesser pelvis via (1)___, but on the left (2)____ totally isolates these two compartments.

Answer 12

1. the right paracolic gutter
2. the phrenicocolic ligament

Question 13

iDENTIFY

Answer 13

Morison’s pouch = Hepatorenal pouch

Question 14

Identify

Answer 14

Question 15

Identify

Answer 15

Question 16

Right lobe of the liver descends until (1)____, inferior margin crosses (2)____. (This region is not protected by the ribs and seems to be the most vulnerable part of the liver.)

Answer 16

1. the 10th rib
2. the midline in the transpyloric plane

Question 17

Surface projection of the stomach is variable and is mainly determined by thevolume of its contentt and the position of the patient.

Cardia and pylorus are the least mobile parts: they can be found at ___and __, respectively (2 vertebral levels)

Answer 17

the level of T10-11 and L1 vertebrae, respectivel

Question 18

Spleen is located under the left dome of the diaphragm where it extends fromthe posterior to (1)___ between (2) ___ and ___ (ribs)

Answer 18

1. the middle axillary line
2. 8th and 11th ribs.

Question 19

The posterior aspect clearly shows that the right kidney is found in some what more caudal position due to the bigger right lobe of the liver, but in general, both of the kidneys have their hilum approx. at (1)___ (vertebral level).

Floating ribs protectonly (2)____ of the kidneys.

Answer 19

1. the level of L2
2. the superior poles

Question 20

Aorta gives rise to the celiac trunk right upon passing through the diaphragm and entering the abdominal cavity at ___ (plane and vertebral level) . Renal vessels and thesuperior mesenteric artery exit in front of the body of ___ (vertebral level)

Answer 20

• (L1, trranspyloric plane)
• L2 vertebra.