5. Posterior Abdominal Wall: Internal View

Question 1

Identify 1

Answer 1

1. Quadratus lumborum muscle

Question 2

Identify 2 -> 5

Answer 2

2. Central tendon of respiratory diaphragm
3. Median arcuate ligament
4. Medial arcuate ligament
5. Lateral arcuate ligament

Question 3

Identify 6 -> 8

Answer 3

6. Psoas minor muscle
7. Psoas major muscle
8. Iliacus muscle

Question 4

Identify 1. O & I

Answer 4

Origin: Quadratus lumborum muscle arises from the transverse processes of L3-L5, the iliolumbar ligament, and the iliac crest.

Insertion: Attaches to the lower border of the last rib and the transverse processes of L1-L3 vertebrae.

Question 5

Identify 1. Action

Answer 5

1. Quadratus lumborum muscle

• With the pelvis fixed
  
  • the quadratus lumborum muscle laterally flexes the lumbar vertebral column (trunk).
  • It also fixes the 12th rib during inspiration.
• When both quadratus lumborum muscles act together, they can help extend the lumbar vertebral column.

Question 6

Identify 1. Nerve supply

Answer 6

Innervation: Subcostal nerve (T12 and L1-L4 nerves).

Question 7

Superiorly, the diaphragm forms the ___ where it passes over the quadratus lumborum.

Answer 7

lateral arcuate ligament (lumbocostal arch) (5)

Question 8

What is The lumbocostal triangle?

Answer 8

The lumbocostal triangle (located just lateral and superior to the lateral arcuate ligament) is a nonmuscular area between the costal and lumbar portions of the diaphragm

Question 9

Identify. O & I

Answer 9

1. Respiratory diaphragm

Origin: arises from the circumference of the thoracic outlet, with fibers arising from a sternal portion (xiphoid process), a costal portion (lower 6 costal cartilages), and a lumbar portion (L1-L3 vertebrae).

insertion: The muscles converge and insert into the central tendon.

Question 10

Identify. Innervation

Answer 10

1. Respiratory diaphragm

Innervation: Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, and C5).

Question 11

What are the 3 openings on diaphragm?

Answer 11

1. The caval hiatus for the inferior vena cava (at the level of the T8 vertebra)
2. The esophageal hiatus (at the level of the T10 vertebra)
3. The aortic hiatus (in front of the T12 vertebra).

Question 12

1. Where the diaphragm passes over the aorta, it forms an arch called the ___
2. As the diaphragm passes over the psoas major muscle, it forms the ___
3. Where diaphragm passes over the quadratus lumborum, it forms the ___

Answer 12

1. median arcuate ligament.
2. medial arcuate ligament
3. lateral arcuate ligament.

Question 13

Identify

Answer 13

Question 14

Identify

Answer 14

Question 15

1. The caval hiatus for the inferior vena cava → at the level of ___
2. the esophageal hiatus at the level of ____
3. and the aortic hiatus in front of the __

Answer 15

1. the T8 vertebra
2. the T10 vertebra
3. T12 vertebra