Lecture 36: Outbreaks, Epidemics And Clusters

Question 1

Outline epidemiological transition

Answer 1

Follows the development of countries overtime

Question 2

Explain the difference between non communicable and communicable diseases

Answer 2

Non communicable are not transmissible from person to person whereas communicable diseases are

Question 3

Are high income countries more likely to have a large burden of non communicable or communicable disease?

Answer 3

Non communicable

Question 4

List the 3 major causes of death in NZ

Answer 4

Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes
Cancer

Question 5

What is the next most common cause of death in NZ after the top 3?

Answer 5

Injuries

Question 6

Explain how climate change is impacting emerging infections in terms of an increase in temperature

Answer 6

Due to the rising temperatures in some places, things like mosquitos are now able to survive because of the heat so therefore are transmitting diseases such as dingy

Question 7

What is the one health approach and why is it become increasingly important ?

Answer 7

It is the interaction between humans and animals and the environment, and it is becoming more important because most emerging infections are vector born or zoonotic

Question 8

Define zoonotic

Answer 8

Disease passed from animal to human

Question 9

Explain what a reservoir is

Answer 9

Some animals/carriers aren’t clinically effected so they don’t become unwell but can still pas on the disease to humans

Question 10

What influences the spread of disease?

Answer 10

Properties of agent
Source of infection
Biological reservoirs
Host factors
Exposure variation
Environment

Question 11

What are the top 5 modifiable risk factors?

Answer 11

Smoking
Diet
Inactivity
Alcohol
Environmental risks

Question 12

What are the top 5 non communicable diseases?

Answer 12

Respiratory
Cardiovascular
Diabetes
Cancer
Mental conditions