Lecture 36 Flashcards
Besides from rats, where else can S. moniliformis come from?
Transients in animals that feed on rodents (e.g., dogs, cats) -Turkeys -Contaminated water and milk (from rat feces)
Cause of Ulceroglandular tularemia and Symptoms?
From rabbits and ticks (Rabbit-associated disease)Enters via scratch or abrasion, spreads lymphatically
Characteristic of Francisella tularensis
Aerobic Gram-negative rod Facultatively intracellular (in macrophages)
Clinical disease from Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Cellulitis, Gangrene, arthritis, endocarditis
Clinical symptoms from B. henselae
Remember that it is dived into typical (usually benign) and atypical symptomsTypical: characterized by chronic swollen lymph nodes. Often self-limiting Atypical: altered mental state, confusion, vision loss, prolonged fever, arthritis, atypical pneumonia, abdominal pain
Clinical symptoms from Pasteurella multocida
Local wound infection from cat bites that rapidly progresses into cellulitis
Clinical symptoms of Brucella
Acute disease; flu-like symptoms, depression, anorexia, and Profuse sweating Chronic disease: meningitis, endocarditis, suppurative joint infections, renal damage
Describe Bubonic plague (fleas)
Bacteria multiply in lymph nodes and turns into buboes form (inflamed, necrotic, hemorrhage)
Describe Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Gram negative rod
Describe Pneumonic plague
From inhalation of Y. pestis -Hemorrhagiv pneumonia -90% (High) mortality
Describe Streptobacillus moniliformis
Long, thin, gram-negative rod paste-11489037516803.jpg
Describe the four patterns of Bacillary Angiomatosis
- Globular papules or nodules 2. Violaceous nodules (resembles Kaposi sarcoma) 3. Lichenoid violaceous plaque 4. Subcutaneous nodule with or without ulceration
Describes Septicemic plague
“Black Death”Subcutaneous hemorrhages DIC, Vascular collapse, necrotic
Diagnosis for B. henselae
- Lymph Node biopsy: Warthin starry silver stain paste-9191230013443.jpg 2. Serological tests or PCR
Diagnosis method for Pasteurella multocida. Growth and stain.
Gram negative coccobacillus with Bi-polar staining Growth on blood and chocolate agar
Diagnosis of Brucella
- History is most important 2. Serology 3. Gram stain 4. Blood culture
Diagnosis of Francisella
Serology Sputum stain: Gram stain negative Growth: BCYE agar (similar to legionella)
Dog bite septicemia, cellulitis is from what bacteria?
Capnocytophaga canimorsus
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: Clinical Disease What does it cause? Symptoms:
- Erysipeloid Symptoms: Inflammatory skin lesion at site of trauma after 2-7 days with decoloration (into purple) Lesion is painful and pruritic 2. Septicemic (uncommon) Associated with acute onset endocarditis
Four Zoonoses that transmit disease by bite/scratch
Pasteurella multocida Bartonella henselae Capnocytophaga canimorsus Streptobacillus moniliformis
Francisella tularensis causes
Tularemia (aka Rabbit Fever)
How are Brucella transmitted?
- Direct contact with infected animal 2. Contaminated food products (ex. unpasteurized milk) 3. Inhalation of aerosols
Infection from Bartonella henselae is mostly from?
Exposure to cats: Scratches, bites, and possibly from cat fleas Causes cat-scratch disease (usually benign)
Micorscopy and culture for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Non-motile, catalase-negative, alpha-hemolytic on BA. Produces H2S on triple sugar iron agar (TSI)
Mode of transmission and symptoms associated with transmission
Entry through skin: Ulceroglandular tularemia - Have to have a cut or wound (usually seen in hands) - Local lymphadenopathy Inhalation: Pulmonic tularemia Ingestion: Oropharyngeal tularemia
Name and describe the two forms of diseas from S. moniliformis
- Rat-bite fever (2-10 day incubation with abrupt onset of flu-like symptoms) - Maculopapular rash few days later with recurrent epsidoes of headache and arthralgia. Can develop Carditis, meningitis, and pneumonia in untreated patient 2. Haverhill fever - Consumption of contaminated food or water. Cause vomiting and pharyngitis
Name the four pathogens of Brucella spp. and what animal is it associated with each pathogen
B. abortus (cattle) B. meletensis (goats and sheep) B. suis (pigs) B. canis (dogs)
Natural flora for Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
In GI tract of animals espcially in pigs
Only Zoonoses with Gram positive? What shape is it?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Shape: Microaerophilic rods or filaments
Origin of Bacillary Angiomatosis
Caused by B. henselae and B. quintana
Pasteurella multocida characteristics: Stain? Shape Biochemical reactions?
Gram-negative coccobacillus, oxidase-positive
Rat-bite fever is associated with what bateria?
Streptobacillus moniliformis
State the different Yop Genes
YopH: dephosphorylates proteins required for phagocytosis YopE: induces cytotoxicity by disrupting actin filaments YopJ/P: initiates apoptosis in macrophages
Three Zoonoses that transmit disease through contact with infected animals
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Brucella spp. Francisella tularensis
Transmission by Bacterial Zoonoses
Direct or indirectly from animals 1. Biting insects (vector-borne diseases 2. Inhalation of airborne contaminated secretions 3. Ingestion of contaminated food or drinks 4. Xenotransplantation
Transmission from Pasteurella multocida is most likely by?
Cat/dog scratch/bites (most likely from cat bites)
Virulence factors of Y. Pestis Describe
- Fraction 1 (F1) gene: Antiphagocytic protein capsule 2. Plasminogen activator (Pla) protease gene: Degrades complement components C3b and C5a (no opsonization and chemotaxis) Degrades fibrin clots, allows rapid spread of bacteria 3. Yop genes: Type III secretion system (allows resistance of phagocytic killing)
What are the three forms of Y. Pestis?
- Bubonic plague (fleas) 2. Septicemic plague - “Black death” 3. Pneumonic plague (inhalation)
What does Brucella cause in animals?
Aborted Fetuses paste-12889196855299.jpg
Who is at highest risk for Bacterial Zoonoses?
Occupational hazard: Farmers, Vets and Pet owners
Y. pestis: diagnosis
Gram stain of Lymph Node Aspirate - Bipolar staining - Dangerous to culture Fluorescent antibody tests
Yersinia Pestis Causes? Characteristics? Common location and carrier?
Causes? Plague Charactericts? Oxidase negative, gram negative rod, urease negative, lactose negative, indole negative Found in desert southwest especially in prairie dogs
Zoonoses with vector-borne transmission
Yersinia Pestis
