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MicroB test 3 > Lecture 35 > Flashcards

Lecture 35 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ are the most common fungal infections. Give an example.

A

Dermatophytes Athlete’s foot

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2
Q

Blood Protozoa: Plasmodium causes __________, is transmitted through _________, causes __________?

A

Malaria Mosquito (only one that has this transmission), M for Malaria, M for mosquito. Cerebral malaria, anemia/reversible coma paste-47356309405699.jpg

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3
Q

Cestodes are _______ worms.

A

Tape worms

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4
Q

Differentiate between mold with Septate and Aseptate properties?

A

Septate = Crosswalls paste-40540196306947.jpg Aseptate = No crosswalls. paste-40553081208835.jpg paste-40527311405059.jpg

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5
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum is the _______ tapeworm? Get it from…

A

Fish Undercooked fish

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6
Q

Fungal cell membranes contain ________ which is similar to ______ in mammalian cell membranes? It’s purpose is for _______? (Target of Anti-fungal drugs)

A

Ergosterol Cholesterol Membrane fluidity

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7
Q

Fungal cell walls are made of ______?

A

Chitin

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8
Q

Fungal diseases are call _______ and are classified by…?

A

Mycoses Site on the body where they occur (i.e. superficial, systemic…)

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9
Q

Fungi - Major laboratory Identification …

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar [FUNGI SPECIFIC] Low pH (5.0) inhibits bacterial growth, supplemented with Abx. KOH prep –> has to be a fungus or parasite! Serology/IFA also available. paste-40840844017667.jpg

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10
Q

Fungi are [euk/prok]? What are the four types of fungi?

A

Eukaryotes Saprobes - Live on dead or decaying matter Symbionts - Mutual advantage with host Commensal - Fungi benefit, host does not benefit but not harmed Parasites - Fungi benefit, host is harmed

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11
Q

Helminths (worms) have what protective measures to avoid immune processes?

A

Tough external layer, antigenic variation, enzymes that destroy host cells.

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12
Q

Infection of nematodes is diagnosed by ….?

A

Examination of eggs in stool.

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13
Q

Metazoa all parasites that aren’t __________? They are ______-cellular? They include _________, _______, _______, and ________?

A

Protozoa Multicellular Nematodes, trematodes, cestodes. Arthropods

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14
Q

Metazoa: Cestodes: Tapeworms are… Eggs found in … (Diagnostic) Give three examples…

A

Flat/ribbon-like, head has a cup-shaped sucker, hermaphorditic Feces, diagnostic Taenia solium - pork Taenia saginata - beef Diphyllobothrium latum - fish

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15
Q

Metazoa: Trematodes: Paragonimus westermani is a… Found where? Intermediate host? Eggs found in ___________?

A

Lung fluke Asia/Africa/India/Latin America Snail Eggs in Bloody Sputum

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16
Q

Metazoa: Trematodes: What are they? What do they look like? What are the immediate hosts?

A

Flukes Flat, leaf-shape worms Clams/Snails

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17
Q

Name the important Protozoa that are Amoeba (1), and Flagellates (2), and details about them.

A

Amoeba: Entamoeba - bloody diarrhea Flagellates: Trichamonas vaginalis - STD! vaginal discharge, itching, redness. Giardia lamblia - fecal-oral transmission, causes malabsorption syndrome.

18
Q

Nematodes: Enterobius vermicularis causes ______, obtained by ______ transmission. Symptoms?

A

Pinworm! Very sticky eggs. Fecal-oral Nocturnal perianal irritation/itching (common in children in the US). paste-50212462657539.jpg

19
Q

Nematodes: Tichuris trichiura causes ______? Symptoms?

A

Whipworm Bloody diarrhea, anemia paste-51384988729347.jpg paste-51397873631235.jpg

20
Q

Nemotodes are _______ worms.

A

Round

21
Q

Parasites: Protozoa are ______-celled and have ______’s? Metazoa are _______-celled and are like ______’s?

A

Single, cysts (like spores). Multi, worms!

22
Q

Protozoa acquire nutrients through ________? Protozoa use this protective measure to survive in harsh conditions? Protozoa reproduce by _________? Reproductive form is called?

A

Pinocytosis/Phagocytosis Cyst form, avoids immune system with surface antigen variation, like spores! Binary fission, some have sexual; Trophozoite

23
Q

Protozoa: GI Coccidia, give an example, how it is transmitted, and what it causes.

A

Cryptosporidium - “Crypto - Coccidia” Trasmitted in water Causes watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting, severe in AIDS patients.

24
Q

Taenia saginata is the _______ tapeworm?

A

Beef

25
Q

Taenia solium is the _______ tapeworm? Get it from… Causes…

A

Pork Undercooked pork Seizures

26
Q

Tinea barbae manifests on…

A

Beard paste-44787918962691.jpg

27
Q

Tinea capitis manifests on the…

A

Head, scalp paste-44723494453251.jpg

28
Q

Tinea corporis manifests on…

A

Smooth skin (hairless skin), aka Ring Worm paste-44843753537539.jpg

29
Q

Tinea cruris manifests on…

A

Groin paste-44908178046979.jpg

30
Q

Tinea pedis manifests on…

A

Foot paste-44964012621827.jpg

31
Q

Tinea unguium manifests on…

A

Nails paste-46115063857155.jpg

32
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by…

A

Malassezia furfur (lipophilic yeast in tropical areas) Oval scaly macules, papules CARIBBEAN MED STUDENTS, patches where sebaceous glands are. paste-41021232644099.jpg

33
Q

Tinea versicolor is said microscopically to look like …

A

Spaghetti and Meatballs paste-41137196761091.jpg paste-41150081662979.jpg

34
Q

Trematodes are _______ worms.

A

Flat worms

35
Q

What are the “two” classifications of Fungi?

A

Yeast - Unicellular, budding/fission repro Mold - Multicellular, filamentous, hyphae Dimorphic - Yeast @ 37C, Mold @ 25C YEAST IN THE BEAST, MOLD IN THE COLD.

36
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Dermatophytes (aka Tineas?)

A

Scaling of skin, hair loss, pruritis, erythema, discoloration.

37
Q

What are the four clinically important Protozoa (single-celled organisms that replicate very fast)?

A

Sarcomastigophora - Amebae/flagellates Ciliophora - Ciliates Apicomplexa - Sporozoa (aka coccidia) Microspora

38
Q

What are the most common Metazoa (Helminths) in the US?

A

Intestinal Roundworms (Nematodes)

39
Q

What are the three genera of Cutaneous mycoses (dermatophytes)?

A

Trichophyton Microsporum Epidermophyton

40
Q

What does it mean when you say Trematodes have “Operculated” eggs?

A

The little flap at the top right paste-52407190945795.jpg

41
Q

What is a specific test/diagnostic method you can use to determine that something is Tinea capitis?

A

Fluoresce under UV light (i.e. Wood Lamp test). Microsporum! Remember though, #1 cause of folliculitis in the US is S. aureus, Microsporum is #2 paste-46179488366595.jpg

42
Q

What is the difference between Vegetative and Aerial Hyphae in Mold?

A

Vegetative - grow on or beneat agar surface Aerial - project ABOVE agar.

MicroB test 3 (5 decks)

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