Lecture 35 Flashcards
_______ are the most common fungal infections. Give an example.
Dermatophytes Athlete’s foot
Blood Protozoa: Plasmodium causes __________, is transmitted through _________, causes __________?
Malaria Mosquito (only one that has this transmission), M for Malaria, M for mosquito. Cerebral malaria, anemia/reversible coma paste-47356309405699.jpg
Cestodes are _______ worms.
Tape worms
Differentiate between mold with Septate and Aseptate properties?
Septate = Crosswalls paste-40540196306947.jpg Aseptate = No crosswalls. paste-40553081208835.jpg paste-40527311405059.jpg
Diphyllobothrium latum is the _______ tapeworm? Get it from…
Fish Undercooked fish
Fungal cell membranes contain ________ which is similar to ______ in mammalian cell membranes? It’s purpose is for _______? (Target of Anti-fungal drugs)
Ergosterol Cholesterol Membrane fluidity
Fungal cell walls are made of ______?
Chitin
Fungal diseases are call _______ and are classified by…?
Mycoses Site on the body where they occur (i.e. superficial, systemic…)
Fungi - Major laboratory Identification …
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar [FUNGI SPECIFIC] Low pH (5.0) inhibits bacterial growth, supplemented with Abx. KOH prep –> has to be a fungus or parasite! Serology/IFA also available. paste-40840844017667.jpg
Fungi are [euk/prok]? What are the four types of fungi?
Eukaryotes Saprobes - Live on dead or decaying matter Symbionts - Mutual advantage with host Commensal - Fungi benefit, host does not benefit but not harmed Parasites - Fungi benefit, host is harmed
Helminths (worms) have what protective measures to avoid immune processes?
Tough external layer, antigenic variation, enzymes that destroy host cells.
Infection of nematodes is diagnosed by ….?
Examination of eggs in stool.
Metazoa all parasites that aren’t __________? They are ______-cellular? They include _________, _______, _______, and ________?
Protozoa Multicellular Nematodes, trematodes, cestodes. Arthropods
Metazoa: Cestodes: Tapeworms are… Eggs found in … (Diagnostic) Give three examples…
Flat/ribbon-like, head has a cup-shaped sucker, hermaphorditic Feces, diagnostic Taenia solium - pork Taenia saginata - beef Diphyllobothrium latum - fish
Metazoa: Trematodes: Paragonimus westermani is a… Found where? Intermediate host? Eggs found in ___________?
Lung fluke Asia/Africa/India/Latin America Snail Eggs in Bloody Sputum
Metazoa: Trematodes: What are they? What do they look like? What are the immediate hosts?
Flukes Flat, leaf-shape worms Clams/Snails
Name the important Protozoa that are Amoeba (1), and Flagellates (2), and details about them.
Amoeba: Entamoeba - bloody diarrhea Flagellates: Trichamonas vaginalis - STD! vaginal discharge, itching, redness. Giardia lamblia - fecal-oral transmission, causes malabsorption syndrome.
Nematodes: Enterobius vermicularis causes ______, obtained by ______ transmission. Symptoms?
Pinworm! Very sticky eggs. Fecal-oral Nocturnal perianal irritation/itching (common in children in the US). paste-50212462657539.jpg
Nematodes: Tichuris trichiura causes ______? Symptoms?
Whipworm Bloody diarrhea, anemia paste-51384988729347.jpg paste-51397873631235.jpg
Nemotodes are _______ worms.
Round
Parasites: Protozoa are ______-celled and have ______’s? Metazoa are _______-celled and are like ______’s?
Single, cysts (like spores). Multi, worms!
Protozoa acquire nutrients through ________? Protozoa use this protective measure to survive in harsh conditions? Protozoa reproduce by _________? Reproductive form is called?
Pinocytosis/Phagocytosis Cyst form, avoids immune system with surface antigen variation, like spores! Binary fission, some have sexual; Trophozoite
Protozoa: GI Coccidia, give an example, how it is transmitted, and what it causes.
Cryptosporidium - “Crypto - Coccidia” Trasmitted in water Causes watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, vomiting, severe in AIDS patients.
Taenia saginata is the _______ tapeworm?
Beef
Taenia solium is the _______ tapeworm? Get it from… Causes…
Pork Undercooked pork Seizures
Tinea barbae manifests on…
Beard paste-44787918962691.jpg
Tinea capitis manifests on the…
Head, scalp paste-44723494453251.jpg
Tinea corporis manifests on…
Smooth skin (hairless skin), aka Ring Worm paste-44843753537539.jpg
Tinea cruris manifests on…
Groin paste-44908178046979.jpg
Tinea pedis manifests on…
Foot paste-44964012621827.jpg
Tinea unguium manifests on…
Nails paste-46115063857155.jpg
Tinea versicolor is caused by…
Malassezia furfur (lipophilic yeast in tropical areas) Oval scaly macules, papules CARIBBEAN MED STUDENTS, patches where sebaceous glands are. paste-41021232644099.jpg
Tinea versicolor is said microscopically to look like …
Spaghetti and Meatballs paste-41137196761091.jpg paste-41150081662979.jpg
Trematodes are _______ worms.
Flat worms
What are the “two” classifications of Fungi?
Yeast - Unicellular, budding/fission repro Mold - Multicellular, filamentous, hyphae Dimorphic - Yeast @ 37C, Mold @ 25C YEAST IN THE BEAST, MOLD IN THE COLD.
What are the clinical manifestations of Dermatophytes (aka Tineas?)
Scaling of skin, hair loss, pruritis, erythema, discoloration.
What are the four clinically important Protozoa (single-celled organisms that replicate very fast)?
Sarcomastigophora - Amebae/flagellates Ciliophora - Ciliates Apicomplexa - Sporozoa (aka coccidia) Microspora
What are the most common Metazoa (Helminths) in the US?
Intestinal Roundworms (Nematodes)
What are the three genera of Cutaneous mycoses (dermatophytes)?
Trichophyton Microsporum Epidermophyton
What does it mean when you say Trematodes have “Operculated” eggs?
The little flap at the top right paste-52407190945795.jpg
What is a specific test/diagnostic method you can use to determine that something is Tinea capitis?
Fluoresce under UV light (i.e. Wood Lamp test). Microsporum! Remember though, #1 cause of folliculitis in the US is S. aureus, Microsporum is #2 paste-46179488366595.jpg
What is the difference between Vegetative and Aerial Hyphae in Mold?
Vegetative - grow on or beneat agar surface Aerial - project ABOVE agar.
