lecture 33 - prevention Flashcards
what is the primary level of prevention
interventions that attempt to prevent disease from occurring
what is the secondary level of prevention
reduce impact of disease by shortening its duration, reducing severity or preventing recurrence
examples of primary prevention
immunisation to prevent measles or excise tax on alcohol to reduce the incidence of cancer
examples of secondary prevention
cervical cancer screening
what is the tertiary level of prevention
reduce the number or impact of complications; improve rehabilitation
examples of tertiary prevention
specialist stroke rehabilitation units or diabetes monitoring and treatment programs
what is the high risk strategy for primary prevention
individuals in special need are identified … the preventive process then takes the form of controlling the level of exposure to a cause ….. or providing protection against the consequences of the exposure
what is the population (mass) strategy
aims to reduce the health risks of the entire population
what are the advantages to the population mass strategy
- radical
- large potential for whole poulation
- behaviourally appropriate
what are the disadvantages to the population strategy
- small benefit to individuals
- poor motivation of individuals
- benefit to risk ratio may be low for individuals
what are the advantages to the high risk strategy
- appropriate to individuals
- individual motivation
- clinical motivation
- favourable benefit-risk ratio for individuals
what are the disadvantages for the high risk strategy
- need to identify individuals
- might be against populations norms
- can be hard to sustain behavioural change
what is a prevention paradox
a preventive measure that brings large benefit to the community may offer little to each participating individual
