Lecture 33 - Integration Metabolism Flashcards
What are the metabolic/macromolecule storage differences of skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise?
L33 S8
Rest:
- storage: glycogen and protein
- energy source: fatty acids
Exercise:
- storage: none
- energy source: glucose
What are the main producers and users of energy sources in the body?
What does each produce or use?
L33 S9
Producers:
- liver (glucose)
- adipocytes (FAs)
- kidneys (glucose during starvation)
Consumers:
- skeletal muscle (glycogen -> creative phosphate -> lactate)
- brain (glucose -> ketone bodies)
- heart (fatty acids -> lactate/ketone bodies)
What is special about the enzymes some of the metabolic enzyme profile of the liver? (4)
L33 S10
Glucokinase:
-only present in liver and kidney (higher Km and Vmax than hexokinase)
Glucose-6-phosphatase:
- dephosphorylates glucose-6-phosphate to release glucose
- only present in liver and kidney
CoA transferase:
- not present in liver
- can produce ketone bodies but not use them
Urea cycle enzymes:
-only found in liver and kidney
What are AMPK and mTOR and what do they do?
L33 S18
Both are serine/threonine kinases
AMPK/AMP-activated protein kinase:
- off in fed state
- activated by AMP and increases activity of energy producing pathways
- inhibited by ATP and decreases activity of energy requiring pathways
mTOR:
- on in fed state
- activated by insulin and increase activity of energy requiring pathways
- inhibited by AMPK and decreases energy producing pathways
What are sirtuins?
L33 S21
Redox sensor
Activated when NAD+ is high and NADH is low
Deacetylates lysine
What hormones indicate whether the body is hungry (3) or full (2)?
L33 S24;26
Hungry:
- ghrelin
- adiponectin
Full:
- leptin
- insulin
- PYY3-36
What does cortisol do?
L33 S28
Adipocytes:
-release fatty acids
Skeletal muscles:
-protein degradation and export of AAs
Liver:
-pyruvate carboxylase production/gluconeogenesis
