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MEP 1 Anatomy - Fall 2023 > Lecture 3- Tissues & Integument > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Tissues & Integument Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of tissues

A
  1. Epithelial (covering)
  2. Muscle tissue (movement)
  3. Nervous tissue (control)
  4. Connective Tissue (support)
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2
Q

Epithelial tissue (simple)

A

Linear (2D-ish)

Top = apical surface
Bottom = basal surface

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3
Q

Epithelial (stratified)

A

Multiple layers (3D-ish)

Top - apical surface
Bottom - basal surface

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4
Q

Squamous, (epithelial tissue)

A

2D-ish (flat)

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5
Q

Cuboidal (epithelial tissue)

A

Hexagon/cube shape

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6
Q

Columnar (epithelial tissue)

A

Column shaped

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7
Q

Epithelial tissues vascular

A

True (means it carries/receives blood)

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8
Q

Layers of epithelial tissue

A

Apical surface
Lateral
Basal surface
Basement membrane

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9
Q

Connective tissue purpose

A

Binding and support (holds organs together)
Protection against infection - blood is a connective tissue
Tissue repair
Insulation

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10
Q

ECM - extra-cellular matrix

A

Ground substance + fibers

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11
Q

Connective tissue types

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Blood
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12
Q

Simple cuboidal

A

2D-ish shaped and cube/hexagon

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13
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Multiple layers of flat hexagons

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14
Q

Simple columnar

A

Single layer of columns

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15
Q

Connective tissue proper (1/4 types connective tissue)

A

Loose connective tissue: areolar, reticular, adipose
Dense connective tissue: regular, irregular, elastic

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16
Q

Cartilage (1/4 types of connective tissue)

A

Chondrocytes - chondro = cartilage, cytes = cell
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

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17
Q

Bone (1/4 types of connective tissue)

A

Osteocytes -> calcified GS ground substance

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18
Q

Blood (114 types of connective tissue)

A

RBC - erythrocytes, fluid ground substancr

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19
Q

How big is adults skin surface

A

Size of queen sheet

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20
Q

Blue (cyanotic)

A

Hypoxemia

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21
Q

Yellow - jaundiced, ictric

A

Liver dysfunction, billruben

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22
Q

Red (erythema)

A

Heat, infection, inflammation, allergic reaction

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23
Q

White (pallor)

A

Shoot, anemia, peripheral vasoconstriction (vessels outside of heart)
Observe mucus membrane (lips meet gum) in darker skinned people

24
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin+ accessory organs

25
2 layers of skin
1. Epidermis (superficial) 2. Dermis - hair follicles, glands, sensory receptors, blood vessels Dermis is on top of hypodermis - hypodermis is the subcutaneous fat layer
26
Epidermis has 5 layers
I. Stratum corneum (toughest) 2. Stratum lucidum (clear) 3. Stratum granulosm (granular) 4. Stratus spinosum (spiny) 4. Stratus basale - germinativum
27
Stratum corneum (hardest)
25-30 layers of dead cells
28
Stratum lucidum
Only present in thick skin - palms & heel/feet
29
Stratum granulosum
3-5 layers of cells, transition zone (living-dead), keratohyalin, lamellar granules
30
Keratohylin
Granules insoluble in water, found in cytoplasm, promote dehydration of cell
31
Desmosomes
Intracellular junctions that provide strong adhesion between cells
32
Stratum spinosum
8-10 layers Keratin intermediate filaments Calls joined by drsmosomes
33
Lamellar granules
Contain lipids & hydrolytic enzymes to maintain barrier functions of skin
34
Keratin intermediate filaments
Contribute to cell-type specific functions Ex. Adhesion, migration, metabolism
35
Stratum basale (germinatium)
Dividing layer - from where all other layers be are derived
36
Notes about epidermis
Lacks blood vessels, nutrients via diffusion Balance between cell production and cell loss (apoptosis, sloughing) Whole process is 4-6 weeks or 7-10 days in psoriasis
37
4 cell types in epidermis
1. Keratinocytes 2. Melanocytes 3. Langerhans cell 4. Merkel cell
38
Labelling epidermis cells
In good notes
39
Keratinocytes
Predominant cell (90%) Produces keratin, protein to protect from heat, abrasion, microbes, chemicals
40
Melanocyte
8% cells Product melanin In stratum basale
41
Langerhan's cell
In stratum spinosum Phagocytosis (eats/engulphs foreign substances) Intraepidermal macrophage (immune defence)
42
Labelling skin layers
Good notes
43
Epidermal ridges
Fingerprints, increases SA of epidermis (increase grip)
44
Melanin (protection from sun)
Yellow/red/brown-black pigment We all have same amount of melanocytes but different amounts of melanin Protects germinal layer from UV rays - increased UV = increased melanin synthesis (tanning)
45
Skin tone (expression of 3 pigments)
Melanin (mainly) yellow-red, brown-black Carotene (vitamin A) yellow-orange Hemoglobin is red
46
Albinism
No melanin produced
47
Freckles/moles
Aggregation of melanin/melanocytes
48
Vitiligo
Loss of pigment in patches (autoimmune)
49
Melanoma
Cancerous mole (nevus)
50
ABCDES Of melignant melanoma
Asymmetrical, borders uneven, colours (2 or more), diameter larger than 6mm, evolving
51
Dermis
Deeper & thicker than endodermis Binds epidermis to underlying tissues Where hair follicles and others are located Divided into papillary (top) and reticular regions (bottom) Contains collagen and elastic fibres as support for skin (secreted by fibroblasts)
52
4 skin elands
1. Sebaceous (oils) 2. Apocrine (sweat) 3. Eccrine (secrete sweat) Ceruminous (waxy)
53
Labelling 4 sweat glands
Be able to know which is which in a picture
54
6 functions of skin
1. Thermoregulation 2. Blood reservoir 3. Protection from environment 4. Cutaneous sensations (pain, itch) 5. Excretions and absorptions (minor) 6. Synthesis of vitamin d
55
Metabolism
Add to this
56
Wound healing
Add to this

MEP 1 Anatomy - Fall 2023 (4 decks)

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