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NeuoBio II > Lecture 3: Somatosensory System II: Nociception, Temperature, Crude Touch > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Somatosensory System II: Nociception, Temperature, Crude Touch Flashcards

1
Q

free nerve endings can function as what receptors

A

chemoreceptors
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
nociceptors

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2
Q

what fibers do free nerve endings communicate with

A

c-fibers
a-delta

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3
Q

why is it possible to get a papercut that is painful, but does not bleed

A

free nerve endings are located in the epidermis and blood vessels are located in the dermis

papercuts can involve only epidermis

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4
Q

list the functions of cutanous free nerve endings

A

crude/non-discriminative touch
itch
temperature
noxious stimuli/pain
taste/smell

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5
Q

where are free nerve endings highly concentrated in the body

A

lips and fingertips

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6
Q

how is duration of a stimuli altered/affected

A

when stimuli stops, APs stop, duration stops

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7
Q

how does frequency of action potentials affect the intensity of the stimuli

A

higher frequency of APs = increased intensity of stimuli

lower frequency of APs = decreased intensity of stimuli

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8
Q

what temperature ranges would cause pain rather than hot/cld sensation

A

below 17 C and above 45 C

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9
Q

what cranial nerve detects taste via hot/cold thermoreceptors

A

cn v

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10
Q

what is defined by over-reaction of apin to the noxious stimuli

A

hyperalgesia

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11
Q

how does the resting membrane potential determine one’s sensitivity to pain

A

higher resting membrane potential requires less depolarization needed for an action potential which allows for pain signaling to occur with low stimulus

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12
Q

where are silent nociceptors most commonly located

how are they involved in hyperalgesia

A

joint capsule and visceral organs

increased receptor expression and localization to the endings

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13
Q

describe the function of the axonal reflex

A

injury occurs at the axonal terminal branches which is sent back to the CNS as a pain signal (afferent)

axonal reflex sends out signal around the injured axonal terminal as a response for pain (efferent)

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14
Q

describe the efferent functions of the axonal terminal

A

axonal reflex that signals blood vessels to leak which causes pain and swelling

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15
Q

describe the afferent functions of the axonal terminal

A

injured axonal terminal sends pain signal along the central process to the spinal cord

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16
Q

what fibers are involved with muscle pain

A

A-delta and C-fibers

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17
Q

what is the function of the A-delta for muscle pain

A

stretch or contraction after exertion

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18
Q

what would cause signalling along C-fibers in reguards to muscle pain

A

ischemia or after injury

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19
Q

what fibers are involved in joint pain

A

A-delta and C-fibers

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20
Q

what stimuli could lead to visceral pain

A

mechanical stimuli
ischemia
endogenous compounds

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21
Q

t/f
viscera pain is diffused and always has a referral pattern

A

true

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22
Q

what is a dermatome

A

segmental distribution of spinal nerve

23
Q

what is radiculopathy

A

compromised axons in a spinal nerve causing pain in a dermatome distribution

24
Q

what stimuli could be used to test for spinal nerve injury, specifically A-delta

A

pinprick
crude touch
temperature

25
Q

what fibers are described as largest axons and highly myelinated

A

alpha motor and 1a/1b sensory fibers

26
Q

what fibers are described as medium axons that are highly myelinated

A

gama motor neuron and II/A-beta sensory fibers

27
Q

what fibers are described as small axons and poorly myelinated

A

B visceral motor and A-delta sensory fibers

28
Q

what fibers are described as the unmyelinated, smallest axons

A

C-fibers

29
Q

what is the first order neuron for the anterolateral pathway

A

dorsal root ganglion

30
Q

what tract is utilized by the anterolateral system to ascend/descend information

A

lissauer’s tract

31
Q

t/f
C fiber 1st order neurons can project into the ventral root of a spinal nerve

A

true

c fiber can pass through the ventral side of the spinal cord

32
Q

in the anterolateral system, (innocuous/noxious) input is more lateral in the dorsal root column

A

innocuous

33
Q

what lamina does A-delta project to

what neurotransmitter is released

A

i, iii, iv, v

glutamate

34
Q

what lamina do C-fibers project to

what neurotransmitter is released

A

i, ii, iii, iv, v

substance P

35
Q

A-delta is responsible for what sensory inputs

what pathway does A-delta use to convey the stimuli

A

localized sharp pain, temperature, crude touch

neospinothalamic pathway/lateral spinothalamic tract

36
Q

list the pathway that A-delta travels to relay information from the PNS to the CNS

A

info brought in via a-delta fiber

synapse at the dorsal root ganglion

synapse in specific lamina of the dorsal column

crosses in the cord via anterior white commissure

ascends to ventral posterolateral nucleus of thalamus (3rd order neuron)

to postcentral gyrus/S1

37
Q

what sensory information are C-fibers responsible for

A

diffuse pain

38
Q

c-fibers use what tract in the anterolateral system

A

spinoreticular tract
bilateral projection

39
Q

what pathways are used by c-fibers to relay information

A

paleospinothalamic and archispinothalamic

40
Q

paleospinothalamic pathway mainly relays (somatic/visceral) sensory information

A

somatic

41
Q

archispinothalamic pathway relays mainly (somatic/visceral) information

A

visceral

42
Q

the paleospinothalamic and archispinothalamic pathways relay information to ___ which includes ___

A

the reticular formation

made up of: intralaminar nucleus and centromedian nucleus of thalamus

43
Q

after c-fiber information is passed to the reticular formation, where does the information get transferred to

A

insula/anterior cingulate gyrus, frontal lobe, limbic system for emotional overlapping

44
Q

at the medulla, lissauer’s tract transforms into __

A

spinal trigeminal tract

45
Q

laminae II-IV transfrom into ___ at the medulla

A

spinal trigeminal nuclei

46
Q

the posterior spinal cord becomes ____ at the medulla

A

tegmental region of the medulla

47
Q

what is the 1st order neuron for CN V

A

trigeminal ganglion

48
Q

what is the 1st order neuron of CN VII

A

geniculate ganglion

49
Q

what is the 1st order neuron of CN IX

A

superior ganglion

50
Q

what is the 1st odrer neuron for CN X

A

superior ganglion

51
Q

what forms the the spinal trigeminal tract

A

central processes

52
Q

what is the 2nd order neuron of the spinal trigeminal pathway

where are they located

A

spinal trigeminal nuclei

caudal pons to C2 spinal level

53
Q
A

NeuoBio II (4 decks)

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