Lecture 3: Socializing Flashcards
Cooley
Set symbolic interactionism in place, came with concept “looking-glass self”
self
set of ideas and attitudes about who you are as an independent person
1. form sense of self as results of continued social interaction
looking glass self
“I am not what I THINK I am”
“I am not what YOU THINK I am”
“I am what I THINK that YOU THINK I am”
flexible self
- development of a life-long process
- leaving and taking on roles
- Anticipatory socialization
globalization: flexible self
combined elements from variety of historical periods and geographic settings
growing ability: fashion new bodies from old
- body-building/aerobic exercise/weight reduction
- sex-affirming operations
- plastic surgery
Mead
One founder of symbolic interactionism, had same thoughts as Weber
Meads’ stages of development
- learn language through symbols
- pretend play
- complex games, taking roles of others
- generalization
Gilligan
how social positions affect socialization and social factors explain how girls and boys are raised differently
Goofman
Developed dramatical approach to sociology. Includes social life like a play, with defined roles and props, front and backstage
Goofman’s Dramatical Analysis
- people present themselves to look best
- constantly engaged in role-play
– public vs true selves
– not aware of role-playing - roleplay is gov. by norms
– impression management
Impression management
try and place ourselves in best light possible
Socialization
- process which people learn to function in their culture
- entering and disengaging from a series of roles
- becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others
socialization rule 1 facts
- ant environment, person acts on basis of existing personal characteristics and interests
- environment more or less cooperatively responds
- environmental responses shapes the individuals conduct
Agents of socialization
families, schools, peer groups, mass media, gender roles
gender roles
set behaviours associated with widely shared expectations regarding how you’re supposed to act depending on your gender
what are the individuals conduct?
- reinforcing existing patterns (cooperation)
- encouraging change (resistance)
Primary socialization
attributing basic skills needed to function in society in childhood
secondary socialization
socialization outside of family (school system, peers, mass media)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
expectation that helps to cause what it predicts
Peer groups
not friends, but of similar status and age
status
Recognized Social Position that a person can have
conflicts that exist between status
- values promoted by family
- values promoted by adolescent peer group
Feminist theory
conviction that gender equality is due to consequences of power and social conventions, rather than biological necessity. The patriarchy
Symbolic interactionism
thought that examines how various aspects of social life covey meaning, assess or impede communication
symbolic interactionists view
- socialization is a creative process
- bound by inherent biology (psychological traits)
Resocialization
powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in peoples’ values, roles, and self-conception (sometimes against their will)
what accompanies resocialization?
- ceremony
- initiation rite
Initiation rite
transitions of individual with one group or another, and ensures’ persons loyalty to group
Total Institutions
settings which people are isolated from larger societies, under strict control and supervision
Flexible self
development of a life-long process, throughout life a person enters and leaves behind many roles
social interaction
involved communication among other people, acting and reacting to one another
role
set of expected behaviour
conflict
3 or more roles/countless expectations on us that countlessly conflict with each other
role strain
pressure in jobs/organizations regarding workload
role distancing
occurs when roles aligned are not taken with our values (may seem embarrassing or beneath us)
status cues
visual indicators of a person’s social position
networks
set units linked by exchange to of material or emotional resources
social groups
group of one or more network of people with one-another and adhere to norms, roles and statuses
group think
group pressure to conform
bystander apathy
people observe someone in an emergency but do not offer to help
primary social group
norms, roles are agreed on but not put into writing
secondary social group
larger, more interpersonal than primary
Emotional management
act of “feeling rules” and responding appropriately to situations
how do we manage emotions?
- external stimulus
- physiological response
- cultural script
- modified emotional response
emotional labour
emotional management that people do as their job
civilization differences criteria
- emergence of childhood and adolescence
- increase in lifespan
victorian era civilization
“child-as-labour”
current era civilization
“child-as-sacred”
how will prolonged childhoods be possible in wealthier countries?
improved access to
1. nutrition
2. healthcare
3. education
age cohort
category of people born in same range of years
age roles
patterns of behaviour expected id people in different cohorts
generation
- special type of age cohort
- compromises members of an age cohort who have a unique and formative exp. during youth
- collective identity
- form together during rapid social change
what are the generations?
- greatest generation (1900-1928)
- silent generation
(1928-1945) - baby boomers
(1946-1964) - generation X
(1965-1980) - Millennials
(1981-1996) - Gen Z
(1997-early 2010s)
life course
- stages of life from birth to death
- predictable pattern of age-graded roles + responsibilities
- organized by society
rites of passage
rituals that signify the transition from one life stage to the next
functions and conflicts
- evaluation of the school system
- hidden curriculum teachings
what are the hidden curriculum teaches?
- Punctuality
- respect for authority
- importance of competition in leading to excellent performance
“situations we define as real become real in their consequences”
thomas thorem
self-fulfilling prophecy
expectation that helps cause what it predicts
Adler and Adler (1988)
Hierarchies arranged:
1. classes
2. race
3. family wealth
4. athletic ability
5. attractiveness
virtual communities
associations of people scattered across the world, who communicate via computer about subjects of common interest
