Lecture 3 Slide Deck

Question 1

What are the main issues with biomaterials?

Answer 1

Biocompatibility - Poor cell adhesion and non-specific adhesion

Question 3

What happens when a set of tissues come together and perform a specific function?

Answer 3

They form an organ

Question 4

What do you have to know for applying bioengineered solutions?

Answer 4

1. Understand the biological system
2. Understand how living organisms and systems interact with and respond to their environments and components
3. Understand the parallels between biological functions and engineering processes

Question 5

What are some applications of biomaterials?

Answer 5

1. Medical Implants and Devices
2. Methods to promote the healing of human tissues
3. Regenerated human tissues (tissue engineering)
4. Molecular probes, nanoparticles and drug delivery systems
5. Biosensors

Question 6

What are medical implants and devices?

Answer 6

Structural replacements; mechanical heart valves, vascular grafts, hip implants,

Question 7

What are methods to promote the healing of human tissues?

Answer 7

Sutures, clips, dissolvable dressings

Question 8

What are the applications of tissue engineering?

Answer 8

bone regenerating hydrogels, lab-grown human bladders, artificial skin

Question 9

What are the applications of probes, nanoparticles and drug delivery systems?

Answer 9

nanoparticle drug delivery, vaccines; any applications that breakthrough biological barriers and aid in diagnosis and therapy

Question 10

What is the most important part of a biomaterial?

Answer 10

The surface of the biomaterial

Question 11

What are biosensors?

Answer 11

Point-of-Care Diagnostics (POC), detect the presence and amount of specific substances to transmit that data - like blood glucose monitoring and brain activity sensors

Question 12

Humans have a limited capacity for regeneration and most tissues cannot regenerate following disease or injury. What factors limit regeneration?

Answer 12

1. Size of Defects - Even tissues that regenerate may not if the defect is large
2. Collapse of surrounding tissue into the defect -> impeding healing
3. Excessive mechanical strains in the reparative tissue -> preventing full regeneration

Question 13

What is the context of Allotransplantation or Allografts?

Answer 13

Human-to-human transplantation of cells, tissue or organs

Question 14

What is the context of Autotransplantation or Autografts?

Answer 14

Self-to-self transplantation of organs, tissues or proteins

Question 15

What is the context of Xenotransplantation or Xenografts?

Answer 15

Animal-to-human transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs