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BIO232 Plant Ecology > Lecture 3: Post-glacial History & Palaeoecology > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Post-glacial History & Palaeoecology Flashcards

1
Q

The Quaternary

A
  • period of the ice ages (cooler)
  • end of the tertiary (tropical climates)
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2
Q

Quaternary

A
  • last ~2.6 mill years
  • ice ages - progressive glaciations
  • recent ice age 120,000 - 11,700 years ago - ……
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3
Q

Previous lecture : 650 mill years ago

A
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4
Q

This lecture: 2.6 million years

A

Dominant processes: glaciation and species migrations in response to climate change

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5
Q

Quaternary period

A
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6
Q

A cooler earth

A

(During quaternary)

  1. Gradual migration towards the polar regions of major continental land masses over time
  2. …
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7
Q

Causes of Repeated Glaciations

A

Astronomical forcing/’Milankovitch cycles’
- shape of earths orbit around the sun (eccentricty)
- tilt of the earth in relation to its plane of orbit (obliquity)
- Precession…..

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8
Q

…

A
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9
Q

Occurrence of tree genera in northwest Europe following progressive glaciations

A

Key ones: Sequoia, Magnolia
Native : Taxus to Ulmus

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10
Q

Quaternary Glacial Plant Refugia

A
  • Plant populations in the glaciation areas are wiped out
    ….
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11
Q

Last glacial period

A

….

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12
Q

The Holocene

A
  • present interglacial (warm) period
  • last 11,700 years
  • period when modern plant communities (as we know them today) developed
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13
Q

Holocene patterns of tree migration in the British Isles

A
  • beech has bigger seed so slower at spreading
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14
Q

Palaeoecology

A

(Ecology of the past (not Palaeobotany))

  • terrestrial sediment cores (lakes & bogs), ice cores, ocean sediments, tree rings
  • fossil pollen
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15
Q

…

A
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17
Q

Holocene patterns of tree migrations in the British Isles

A

Individualistic species’ response
- each species behaving differently
- different pattern of spread
- different rate of spread
- NOT assembled as communities

18
Q

Holocene patterns of tree migrations in the British Isles

19
Q

Holocene patterns of tree migrations in the British Isles

20
Q

Holocene patterns of tree migrations in the British Isles

21
Q

Holocene patterns of tree migrations in the British Isles

A

Pin
- possibly independent origin in Scotland
- only non-planted Pin woods remaining in Scotland

22
Q

British woodland history

23
Q

British woodland history

24
Q

British Woodland History

25
Q

British Woodland History

A
  • BRITAIN SEPARATES FROM CONTINENT
  • 8000 - 6000 BP
    ….
26
Q

5000 BP - Wildwood

27
Q

5000 BP (before forest clearance began)

A
  1. Time of most complete woodland development. ‘Wildwood’. Before forest clearance
  2. Alder in major river valleys & wetlands
  3. Ash calcareous soils in southern & eastern England
  4. Lime, fertile, non-calcareous soils in England and wales
  5. Hazel.
28
Q

British woodland history

BIO232 Plant Ecology (5 decks)

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