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SU2017 Physio Exam 1 > Lecture 3- oral physio (reiser) > Flashcards

Lecture 3- oral physio (reiser) Flashcards

1
Q

the preparatory and oral phases of swallowing are…. and the pharyngeal and esophageal phases are…

A

voluntary, normally subconcious

involuntary

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2
Q

… muscles do NOT have a prominent role in swallowing before tooth eruption

A

jaw closer

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3
Q

The genioglossus has a high proportion of…. fibers and is an…. tongue muscle and forms the majority of the body of the tongue

A

fast twitch

extrinsic

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4
Q

4 jaw openers

A

lateral pterygoid
digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid

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5
Q

3 jaw closers

A

masseter
medial pterygoid
temporalis

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6
Q

the masseter has more… twitch fibers anteriorly and more…. twitch fibers posteriorly. why?

A

slow anterior
fast posterior

the farther away from the joint the easier to generate force

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7
Q

myosin isoforms of the masseter include …. (4)

A

adult slow
embryonic
neonatal
alpha cardiac (rhythmic contractions)

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8
Q

bruxing can cause…. which can cause an increase in…. which will lead to …. and…. contractions which could affect chewing and speech

A

hypertrophy
slow myosin
slower
less powerful

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9
Q

is the temporalis slower or faster than the masseter?

A

faster

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10
Q

the temporalis also exhibits compartmentalization. anteriorly it has mostly…. fibers and posteriorly it has more… fibers

A

slow

fast

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11
Q

In the medial pterygoid, …. predominates

A

slow myosin

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12
Q

the general pattern for ALL jaw closers is that there is more slow myosin ….. and…… rather than … and…

A

more slow myosin DEEP and ANTERIOR than

superficial and posterior

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13
Q

… is defined as the sense of movement and position

A

kinesthesia

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14
Q

The lateral pterygoid is a jaw opener and is classified as a …. and dysfx of this muscle can cause…

A

protractor

ADD in TMJ dysfx

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15
Q

most fibers in muscles are …. fibers which do the work associated with contractions

A

extrafusal

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16
Q

A muscle spindle includes…..

A
  1. external capsule
  2. intrafusal muscle fibers
  3. efferent nerve fibers
  4. sensory nerve fibers
  5. lymph
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17
Q

The muscle fibers in a spindle are …. and ….

A

nuclear bag intrafusal fibers in the equatorial region

nuclear chain intrafusal fibers in the polar region

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18
Q

The efferent nerve fibers in spindles can be… or … but …. are the most common

A

Gamma or beta fusimotor fibers

Gamma are most common

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19
Q

The sensory nerve fibers of spindles are … and….

A

Ia afferent “primary”

II afferent “secondary”

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20
Q

muscle spindles are …. sensors and are …. in length and …. in diameter

A

length
1-3 mm
200 um

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21
Q

Type Ia afferent fibers in spindles are …. and type II are …

A

very accurate/ dynamic

less dynamic but provide info over longer period

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22
Q

maintenance of muscle spindle sensitivity is achieved through … which cause the polar regions to shorten in response to a muscle shortening. This then causes the …to stretch which restores sensitivity

A

gamma motorneurons

equatorial

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23
Q

Golgi tendon organs are receptors that are located in the … itself and are … with the extrafusal muscle fibers. they generate signals that are proportional to the ….. generated by the muscle fibers

A

tendon
in-series
force

24
Q

Carnivores have a large…. and the jaw closers express….

A

temporalis

masticatory myosin

25
Q

Herbivores have a large…. and the jaw closers express…

A

masseter

alpha cardiac myosin

26
Q

4 phases of the chewing cycle

A

slow opening
fast opening
fast closing
slow closing

27
Q

3 masticatory phases

A
  1. preparatory
  2. reduction
  3. pre-swallowing
28
Q

there is little EMG activity in …. during the preparatory phase

A

jaw closers

29
Q

there is alternating EMG activities in openers and closers in which masticatory phases?

A

ALL

30
Q

The preparatory phase is fairly…. while the reduction phase is…. and the preswallowing phase is…

A

variable
regular and rhythmic
regular

31
Q

2 sensory nuclei involved in the control of mastication are

A
  1. trigeminal sensory nucleus

2. trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

32
Q

Cells of the trigeminal sensory nucleus innervate….. and project to…

A

face and oral cavity

cerebellar and cerebral cortex

33
Q

the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus recieves info from….

A
  • jaw closers

- mechanorecep. on PDLs, gingiva and palate

34
Q

3 motor nuclei of masticatory control

A
  1. trigeminal motor nucleus
  2. hypoglossal motor nucleus
  3. facial motor nucleus
35
Q

the brainstem can function… in control of mastication and probably contains a…

A

autonomously

“pattern generator”

36
Q

The jaw closing reflex involves afferent fibers from…. which have cell bodies in the…. that synapse on alpha motor neurons in….

This reflex is…. which means it is fast and requires virtually no modulation from higher centers

A
  • muscle spindles
  • trigeminal mesencephalic sensory nucleus
  • trigeminal motor nucleus

-monosynaptic

37
Q

Which is polysynaptic and which is monosynaptic? jaw closing and jaw opening

A

jaw closing is mono

jaw opening is poly

38
Q

The …. is a temporary sphincter that forms in the preparatory phase of swallowing and prevents a food bolus from entering the pharynx prematurely

A

glossopalatal sphincter

39
Q

which muscles are involved in the preparatory and oral phases of swallowing ? mandibular and facial

A

mandibular- masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis

facial- labial and buccinator

40
Q

is the epiglottis absolutely required to prevent aspiration?

A

no

41
Q

the muscles involved in the preparatory and oral phases of swallowing is a variable group and which ones are involved depend on food consistency. They are referred to as the …. group of muscles

A

facultative

42
Q

the muscles involved in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing are referred to as the…. group and it is much more consistent than the prep and oral phases

A

obligate

43
Q

4 mechanisms that prevent aspiration

A
  1. resp is inhib
  2. larynx and upper esophageal sphincter elevate
  3. intrinsic muscles of glottis move vocal cords toward each other
  4. bolus moves through sinuses in pharynx
44
Q

the brainstem swallowing center has 3 components

A
  1. sensory nuclei
  2. interneuronal network
  3. motor nuclei
45
Q

programming of obligate muscles (pharyngeal phase of swallowing) begins ….. which is different from facultative muscles (prep and oral phases of swallowing) which have different patterns of activation before and after tooth eruption

A

in utero

46
Q

before tooth eruptions… and…. muscles develop for tongue thrust

A

orbicularis oris and buccinator

47
Q

… muscles do not have a prominent role in swallowinf before eruption

A

jaw loser

48
Q

if infantile swallowinf is maintained after tooth eruption then … can result specifically an…

A

malocclusion

anterior open bite

49
Q

can infants swallow without disrupting respiration?

A

NO

50
Q

both … and … have a prominent role in infantile suckling

A

jaw opening and jaw closing

51
Q

is respiration maintained during infantile suckling

A

yes

52
Q

suckling as well as swallowing begins…

A

in utero

53
Q

adult suckling is driven by … muscles and …. and… do not have a prominent role

A

inspiratory

jaw open/jaw closing muscles

54
Q

stimul for emesis can be … or …

A

physiological or disease related

55
Q

the first phase of vomiting is … which is characterized by tachycardia, licking, salivating and relaxation of proximal part of stomach

A

pre-ejection

56
Q

what coordinates vomiting

A

group of nuclei in medulla

SU2017 Physio Exam 1 (8 decks)

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