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Dental Anatomy 811 > Lecture 3- Nomenclature II > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Nomenclature II Flashcards

1
Q

Line angle

A

When two surfaces meet

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2
Q

Mesiolabial line angle

A

Where mesial and labial surfaces meet

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3
Q

How many line angles do anterior teeth have?

A

6

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4
Q

How many line angles do posterior teeth have?

A

8

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5
Q

Point angle

A

When three surfaces meet

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6
Q

How many point angles does each anterior tooth have?

A

4

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7
Q

How many points angles does each posterior teeth have?

A

4

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8
Q

Face of a tooth

A

The area on the facial surface of teeth that is bounded by the line angles and height of contour

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9
Q

Only area of a tooth that reflects light

A

face of a tooth

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10
Q

What can change the APPEARANCE of the size of a tooth?

A

Change in the position or contour of line angles control the appearance of the size of the tooth

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11
Q

Line angles have…

A

Dramatic effects on esthetics

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12
Q

Height of contour

A

The greatest amount of a curve, or greatest convexity or bulge, farthest from the root axis line

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13
Q

Where is the lingual height of contour found on anterior teeth?

A

On the cingulum, or on the cervical third

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14
Q

Where is the lingual height of contour found on posterior teeth?

A

Middle third

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15
Q

Where is the facial height of contour found for ALL teeth?

A

Cervical third

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16
Q

Function of the height of contour (1)

A

Forms contact area on proximal surfaces

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17
Q

Function of the height of contour (2)

A

Protects gingiva surrounding the root

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18
Q

Function of the height of contour (3)

A

Affects the final esthetics of the tooth

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19
Q

Over-contouring consequences

A

Under-stimulation deflects food from gingiva and results in under-stimulation of supporting tissue

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20
Q

Under-contouring consequences

A

Irritation of soft tissue

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21
Q

Correct contour

A

Adequate stimulation for supporting tissue, leads to healthy teeth (provides protection and adequate stimulation)

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22
Q

Height of lingual and facial height of contour

A

.5 mm

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23
Q

Occlusocervical location of proximal height of contour

A

Interproximal contacts are located progressively closer to the gingiva the more distal they are located from the midline

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24
Q

Faciolingual location of proximal height of contour

A

Proximal contacts are facial to the center of the tooth (lingual embrasure is larger than facial)

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25
Q

Proximal contact areas are largest in what area?

A

In molar regions

Reason for this? Prevents food impaction during mastication

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26
Q

Which embrasures are wider in anterior teeth and why?

A

Lingual embrasures are wider than labial. This is due to marked lingual convergences seen in anterior teeth

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27
Q

Which embrasure are wider in ALL teeth and why?

A

Lingual embrasures are wider than facial embrasures of ALL teeth because the proximal contact is toward the facial surface and the lingual convergence

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28
Q

What happens to the occlusal/incisal embrasure as you move distally?

A

It widens as you move away from the midline

increases from incisors to molars

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29
Q

Mandibular incisal embrasure

A

Very minimal as their contact areas are more incisally located (nearer to the incisal ridge)

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30
Q

Odontogenesis/tooth development

A

The complex process by which teeth form from embryonic cells, grow and erupt into the mouth

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31
Q

2 components of tooth development

A

1) Crown and root formation

2) eruption of teeth

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32
Q

Eruption vs emergence

A

Tooth always eruption, only emerges once in breaks gingiva. Emergence through mucous membrane is a SINGLE event while tooth eruption is a continuous process

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33
Q

When does crown and root formation begin?

A

6 weeks intra uterine

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34
Q

Development of primary teeth

A

Begins prenatally and continues postnatally

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35
Q

Permanent teeth development

A

Entirely postnatally

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36
Q

Calcification

A

Tooth tissues harden by deposition of minerals salts in enamel, dentin and cementum

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37
Q

When do primary tooth begin to calcify?

A

4 months in utero

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38
Q

When do permanent teeth begin to calcify?

A

Soon after birth

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39
Q

Lobe formation

A

Initiates in 4-5 growth centers

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40
Q

Lobe

A

One of the primary sections of formation in the development of the crown; considered a growth center

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41
Q

Lobes coalesce into a crown, then formation of what takes place?

A

Then root formation follows

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42
Q

Anteriors form from 4 main lobes:

A

1) Mesial
2) Central/labial
3) Distal
4) Lingual

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43
Q

Mammelon

A

Rounded protuberance found on the incisal ridges of newly erupted incisors
(Wear away with function)

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44
Q

Cingulum

A

Rounded elevation of an anterior tooth making up most of the cervical third of the lingual surface

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45
Q

All premolars develop from 4 lobes EXCEPT

A

Except mandibular 2nd premolar which develops from 5 lobes

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46
Q

All molars develop from 4 lobes EXCEPT

A

1st molars develop from 5 lobes

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47
Q

Emergence

A

Tooth emergence through gingiva

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48
Q

Eruption

A

Continuous tooth movement to reach opposing tooth (occlusal contact)

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49
Q

Eruption is what kind of a process?

A

Multifactorial process

50
Q

Why is eruption a multifactorial process?

A

When the tooth reaches occlusion, root development is not complete (only 2/3)

51
Q

How long does root formation need to be completed with primary vs permanent teeth?

A

1.5 years for primary and approximately 3 years for permanent

52
Q

Does teeth eruption take place earlier in males or females?

A

Females

53
Q

The first permanent tooth to erupt

A

Mandibular 1st molar

54
Q

The first primary tooth to erupt

A

Mandibular central incisor

55
Q

Chronology chart (4 parts)

A

1) First evidence of calcification
2) Crown formation
3) Eruption
4) Root completion

56
Q

Primary mandibular Maxillary Central incisor

A

8-12 months

57
Q

Primary mandibular Lateral incisor

A

9-13 months

58
Q

Primary mandibular Canine

A

16-22 months

59
Q

Primary mandibular First molar

A

13-19 months

60
Q

Primary mandibular Second molar

A

25-33 months

61
Q

Primary mandibular central incisor

A

6-10 months

First to erupt

62
Q

Primary mandibular lateral incisor

A

10-16 months

63
Q

Primary mandibular Canine (cuspid)

A

17-23 months

64
Q

Primary mandibular first molar

A

14-18 months

65
Q

Primary mandibular second molar

A

23-31 months

66
Q

Permanent maxillary central incisor

A

7-8 years

67
Q

Permanent maxillary lateral incisor

A

8-9 years

68
Q

Permanent maxillary cuspid

A

11-12 years

69
Q

Permanent maxillary first bicuspid/premolar

A

10-11 years

70
Q

Permanent maxillary second bicuspid/premolar

A

10-12 years

71
Q

Permanent maxillary first molar

A

6-7 years

72
Q

Permanent maxillary second molar

A

12-13 years

73
Q

Permanent maxillary third molar

A

17-21 years

74
Q

Permanent mandibular central incisors

A

6-7 years

75
Q

Permanent mandibular lateral incisors

A

7-8 years

76
Q

Permanent mandibular cuspid/canine

A

9-10 years

77
Q

Permanent mandibular 1st premolar/bicuspid

A

10-12 years

78
Q

Permanent mandibular 2nd premolar/bicuspid

A

11-12 years

79
Q

Permanent mandibular 1st molar

A

6-7 years

80
Q

Permanent mandibular 2nd molar

A

11-13 years

81
Q

Permanent mandibular 3rd molar

A

17-21 years

82
Q

Physiological resorption of roots of primary teeth leads to exfoliation of primary teeth. When does this happen?

A

3 years after roots are completely developed (happens as permanent successor teeth begin their occlusal migration)

83
Q

All mandibular teeth are shed before their maxillary counterparts EXCEPT

A

Primary 2nd molars

all 4 are shed simultaneously

84
Q

Anodontia

A

A rare genetic disorder characterized by the congenital absence of all primary OR permanent teeth

85
Q

HYPOdontia/congenitally missing teeth

A

A condition in which one or more permanent teeth fail to appear

86
Q

Most commonly congenitally missing teeth IN ORDER (List all 4)

A

1) 3rd molars (think wisdom teeth)
2) Mandibular 2nd premolar
3) Maxillary lateral incisor
4) Maxillary 2nd premolar

87
Q

Impacted tooth

A

An unerupted or partially erupted tooth that is positioned against another tooth, bone, or soft tissue so that complete eruption is unlikely

88
Q

Top 3 most impacted teeth (in order)

A

1) 3rd molars
2) Upper canines
3) Lower canines

89
Q

HYPERdontia/supernumerary teeth

A

Extra teeth in mouth!

mesiodens but not limited to it

90
Q

Mesiodens

A

Extra tooth between two central incisors

91
Q

Cingulum

A

Cingulum is the round elevation on the cervical

third of the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth

92
Q

Lingual fossa

A

Concavity on lingual surface; cingulum form cervical boundary, marginal ridges form mesial and distal borders of the fossa

93
Q

Cusp

A

Elevation on crown portion of tooth

Found in posterior teeth and canines

94
Q

Cusp tip

A

Highest point of a cusp

95
Q

Ridge

A

A ridge is any linear elevation on the surface of a tooth

It is named according to its location or shape

96
Q

All teeth have two marginal ridges:

A

mesial and distal ridges

97
Q

Facial of all teeth is wider than lingual. Therefore, lingual embrasures are larger than buccal embrasures. Why?

A

All marginal ridges converge from the buccal toward the lingual
(All adjacent marginal ridges should be at the same height to prevent food impaction and retention)

98
Q

Cusp ridges (4 of them)

A

1) Buccal cusp ridge
2) Lingual cusp ridge
2) Mesial cusp ridge
3) Distal cusp ridge

99
Q

Triangular ridge

A

It is the ridge that descends from each cusp tip towards the center of the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth. Which is the same as the cusp ridge so it can have 2 names
They take the name of the cusp they belong to, e.g. triangular ridge of the buccal cusp of mandibular permanent 1st premolar

(E.g have to say triangular ridge of buccal cusp or triangular ridge of lingual cusp)

Has 4 ridges (pyramid)

100
Q

Transverse ridge

A

The union of two triangular ridges crossing the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth in a transverse (buccolingual) direction, e.g. transverse ridge between buccal and lingual cusps on premolar

aka two triangles come together!

101
Q

Oblique ridge

A

It is the ridge that runs at an angle from the DB cusp tip to the ML cusp tip of an upper molar

102
Q

Oblique ridge is most prominent in what tooth?

A

Permanent maxillary 1st molar

103
Q

Cervical ridge

A

It is a ridge that runs mesiodistally on the cervical third of the buccal surface of the crown

Characteristic of PRIMARY MOLARS

104
Q

Cervical ridge is a characteristic of which teeth?

A

Primary 1st molars

105
Q

Fossae

A

Shallow rounded concavity

106
Q

Lingual fossa

A

Found on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth

107
Q

Lingual fossa boundaries

A

Cingulum, marginal ridges and incisal edge

108
Q

Central fossa

A

Found in the center of occlusal surfaces of molar teeth

Where opposing cusp tips occlude

109
Q

Triangular fossae

A

2 small fossae on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, mesial and distal to the marginal ridges (next to central fossa)

Base of the triangle is at the mesial/distal marginal ridge and the apex is at the mesial/distal pit

110
Q

Developmental grooves (3)

A

Sharply defined grooves separating the lobes or the primary parts of the crown or root, named according to location

111
Q

Central developmental groove

A

Runs mesiodistally on the occlusal surface

Separates the buccal and lingual cusps

112
Q

Buccal developmental groove

A

Starts at the central developmental groove and runs buccally separating the Buccal cusps

Ends on the buccal surface in the buccal pit

113
Q

Lingual developmental groove

A

Starts at the central developmental groove and runs lingually separating the lingual cusps

Ends on the lingual surface in the lingual pit

114
Q

Supplemental grooves

A

Small irregular, less distinct grooves on the occlusal surface a tooth

Do NOT mark the junction of primary parts of the tooth

115
Q

Pits (3)

A

Pits are small pinpoint depressions located at the junction of two or more developmental grooves or at the terminus of these grooves (named according to their location)

116
Q

Central pit

A

a pit in the central fossa of molars where the developmental grooves meet

117
Q

Buccal pit

A

It is a pit on the buccal surface of a molar where the buccal developmental groove terminates.

118
Q

Lingual pit

A

a pit on the lingual surface of a molar where the lingual dev. groove terminates. Lingual pit is also seen on lingual surface of upper anteriors

119
Q

Lingual pit is common in of which anteriors?

A

Upper lateral (Maxillary lateral incisors)

120
Q

Fissures

A

Found in the bottom of the grooves; due to incomplete union of primary lobes

The grooves left a small space where it didn’t mean to
Fissures are not always there, depends on the patient

121
Q

Why are pits and fissures liable to dental caries?

A

Due to accumulation of bacteria (class I)

Dental Anatomy 811 (4 decks)

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