Lecture 2- Nomenclature I Flashcards
Diphyodont
Two generations of teeth present in a lifetime
Polyphyodont
Many successions of teeth to compensate for continual loss of teeth. Teeth in these animals are directly attached to the jaw bone and thus are frequently broken and lost during normal function
Incisors functions (list 4)
1) Incising and cutting
2) Support lip
3) Speech
4) Esthetics
Canine functions (list 2)
1) Tearing food
2) Support lip and face
Molar functions (list 2)
1) Crush and grind food
2) Support cheeks
What is found in permanent dentition but not primary?
Premolars and 3rd molars
Primary deciduous dentition stage begins when?
At 6 months with the eruption of mandibular central incisor
Complete set of primary teeth at what age?
2.5-3 years
When does primary dentition stage end?
At 6 years with the eruption of the 1st permanent tooth: the 1st mandibular molar
Mixed dentition stage
last 6-12 years of age one the last primary tooth is lost
Palmer notation
have to have the “box”/quadrant lines along with number 1-8
International (FDI)
quadrant number first then number 1-8
for primary, quadrants are 5-8
Apical foramen
An opening in the end of the tooth through which nerve and blood vessels
upper vs lower molars
upper molars have 3 roots and lower molars have 2 roots
Root trunk
Root trunk is present only in multirooted teeth and is the undivided part of the root near the cervical line
Furcation
The place on multirooted teeth where the root trunk divides into separates roots
Mandibular molars and maxillary 1st premolar
BIFURCATED
Maxillary molars are
TRIFURCATED
3 hard mineralized tissues
enamel, dentin, cementum
1 soft tissue
pulp
Peridontium (4 parts)
Periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva
Hardest substance in human body
enamel; 96% inorganic material
NOT a continuous formation throughout life (unlike dentin)
Dentin composition
70% inorganic material
makes up bulk of tooth
Cementum composition
50% about inorganic material
DEJ
dentinoenamel junction
junction between enamel and dentin
CEJ
cementoenamel junction AKA cervical line!! where crown meets the root
Pulp
Dental pulp is the specialized connective tissue that carries blood and nerve supply to the tooth
Pulp space (2 parts)
1) Pulp chamber
2) Root canal
Pulp chamber (3 parts)
Pulp horns, roof, floor
Root canal
Canal orifice, accessory canals, apical foramen
Alveolar bone
Bone that surrounds roots of teeth
Forms crypts of developING teeth and sockets of erupting teeth (developED)
Crypt vs socket
Crypt is a bony cavity enclosing a developING tooth while a socket is bone surrounding root of developED erupted tooth
Gingiva
mucosal tissue that covers the alveolar bone; only tissue in the periodontium visible in a healthy mouth
Attached gingiva
Firmly bound to the underlying alveolar bone. Attached to underlying bone
Marginal gingiva/free gingiva
Collar of thing gingiva that surrounds each tooth and in health adapts to the tooth but provides a potential space between gingiva and tooth called the gingival sulcus
Gingival sulcus
space between marginal gingiva and tooth
Healthy gingival sulcus should be 1-3 mm
Free gingival margin (gingival margin)
Edge of the marginal gingiva/free gingiva closest to the chewing surface of teeth
Alveolar mucosa
Soft tissue covering located apical to the attached gingiva. It is dark pink due to increased blood supply and thinner epithelium covering . it is more delicate- non keratinized – loosely bound to underlying bone compared to attached gingiva
Mucogingival junction
Clinically visible boundary where the attached gingiva meets the alveolar mucosa;
Not firmly bound to the underlying bone, adapted to the marginal part of mouth
Interdental gingiva/papilla
That part of the collar of the free gingiva that extends between the teeth
Also known as cervical embrasure
Periodontal ligament
Attaches cementum/tooth to alveolar bone
Transmits sensation of touch and pressure (NOT temperature)
Clinical crown
the portion of the tooth that projects above the gum line into the oral cavity (visible in the oral cavity)
Clinical root
portion of the tooth that is embedded in the jawbone and anchors the tooth
Anatomic crown
Anatomic crown is defined as the part of the tooth that is covered by enamel
Anatomic root
Anatomic root is the part of the tooth that is covered by cementum
