Lecture 3 Models Of Communication Flashcards
What are the models of communication?
George gerbner model (1956)
Theodore Newcomb model (1953)
Westley and MacLean’s model (1957)
Who is gerbner?
George Gerbner is a Professor and Head of the Annenberg School of Communications, in the University of Pennsylvania.
What year is gerbner model?
1956
What attempt did Gerber model try to make
He produced an attempt at a general-purpose model of communication.
Whose skeleton work did Gerbner model take?
It was considerably more complex than Shannon and Weaver’s but still took their linear process model as its skeleton.
What are the two dimensions Gerbner proposed dimensions in the communication process of communication?
•Perceptual Dimension
•Means and control dimension.
Define perpetual dimension
E: a real life event
Perceived by M: man or machine
Perceived portion is E1
Three factors that involve between M and E in perpetual dimension?
Selection: selection by M
Context: event that occurs
Availability: mood M Is when selecting
Define means and control dimension
E2: content drawn by M
Changed to signal: S
Taken as SE2 to someone else
What is the main advance of gerbner model?
•Relates message to the reality it is about. and thus enables us to approach questions of perception and meaning.
• it sees the communication process as consisting of two alternating dimensions—the perceptual or receptive, and the communicating or means and control dimension.
Horizontal dimensions is the processes in perceptual dimensions?
Yes
Vertical dimension is the process in means and control dimension?
Yes
If M is a machine, the selection is determined by its engineering?
Yes
If M is a human, however, the selection is more complex.
Yes
What is meaning?
meaning’ in this sense derives from the matching of external stimuli with internal concepts.
Gerbner model focuses on?
The model also focuses on
•o How a message is created?
•o How a message is controlled?
What does SE mean?
What does S mean?
What does E mean?
SE (statement about event)
S (signal)
E(event)
What does gerbner model emphasize on?
dynamic nature of human communication and the various factors that influence communication reliability.
•In other words, the model focuses on the importance of context in communication.
Newcomb’s model is what year?
1953
Newcomb model introduced use to what?
It is triangular shape (abx)
What is Newcomb’s main significance and role
Its main significance: the first of our models to introduce the role of communication in a society or a social relationship.
•For Newcomb this role is simple—it is to maintain equilibrium within the social system.
What are A B and X
A is the communicator
B is the receiver
X is part of their social environment
Is ABX a system and how does it work
ABX is a system, which means that its internal relations are interdependent
Is A and B message and X the topic?
Yes
Who introduced newcombs model?
The New Comb’s model of communication was introduced by Theodore M Newcomb of the University of Michigan in 1953
What is Newcomb (1953) - ABX Model based on?
psychological view of communication.
What balance is newcombs model based on?
Based on the concept of balance between one’s attitudes and beliefs and those that are important to an individual.
If the balance is disturbed, what can be used to restore it?
communication is used to restore it.
Where does Newcomb see communication from?
social psychology view.
What orientation does ABX system content?
A to B orientation
A to X orientation
B to A orientation
B to x orientation
Does Newcomb include message as a separate entity in his diagram?
He does not include the message as a separate entity in his diagram, implying it only by use of directional arrows.
What year is Westley and MacLean’s model?
1957
What model did Westley and Maclean adopt and for what?
Newcomb’s ABX
They adopt it specifically for the mass media.
What new element did Westley and Maclean introduce?
new element, C,
which is the editorial communicating function: that is, it is the process of deciding what and how to communicate.
Who suggested Westley and Maclean model?
Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication was suggested by Bruce Westley and Malcolm S. MacLean Jr. in 1957.
Which two context can the Westley and MacLean’s model be applied ?
•interpersonal
•mass commuication
what is the point of difference in the Westley and MacLean’s model two contexts
•Feedback is direct and fast in interpersonal communication
and
•indirect and slow in mass communication.
Does Westley and Maclean model differentiate messages as purposive and non purposive?
Yes
Is Westley and Maclean model two dimensional and doesn’t explain communication?
Yes
