Lecture 3: Mitosis And Meiosis

Question 1

Crossing over

Answer 1

Occurs in meiosis 1 and is the exchange of genetic information in prophase 1

This is the first of two genetic variations mechanisms

Question 2

What is the second form of genetic variation

Answer 2

On anaphase 1 with the separation fo homo chromosome

Question 3

What are the two factors with crossing over

Answer 3

1 - crossing over and mapping distance is important

2- crossing over is independent of centromere

Question 4

What is epigenetics

Answer 4

The study of stable changes in cell function that do not involve alteration in the DNA sequence

Question 5

Genomic imprinting

Answer 5

Process that only one copy of a gene in an individual is expressed while the other is suppressed

• expressed depending of the gene came from mom or dad

Question 6

Epigenetic reset

Answer 6

Epigenetic modification will need to be reset back to baseline before the information is sent to the egg or sperm

Question 7

4 consequences of meiosis and genetic variation

Answer 7

1 - four cells are produced from each original cell
2 - chromosomes number in each cell is reduced by half (haploid)
3 - newly formed cells are genetically different from one another
4 - Epigenetic modification are aerated and parent specific modifications are established

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

Protein complex that hold the chromatids together and is key to the behavior of chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis

Question 9

When do cohesions break apart in mitosis

Answer 9

Anaphase - allowing sister chromatids to separate

Question 10

Wen do cohesions break apart in meiosis

Answer 10

Anaphase 1 - allowing homo chromo to separate

Anaphase 2 - allowing chromatids to separate

Question 11

Spermatogenesis

Answer 11

Male gamete production

Produce 4 gametes and each haploid

Question 12

Oogenesis

Answer 12

Female gamete production

Produce one egg per meiotic event

All organelles are crammed into the one egg

Question 13

Segregation

Answer 13

Pairs of chromosomes are separated into reproductive cells

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

Each allele of a particular gene is the same

AA or aa

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Have two different alleles of a particular gene

Aa

Question 16

Evolution

Answer 16

Change in gene frequency on a population overtime

Question 17

Hybrid vigor or heterosis

Answer 17

Increase in characteristics (size, growth, fertility, or yield) of a hybrid organism over those of it parents (mule)

Question 18

Gregor Mendel

Answer 18

Heredity

Used pea plants (Pisum sativum) and examined 7 characteristics. All controlled by single genes and are on different chromosomes q

Question 19

Monohybrid cross

Answer 19

Cross between two parents that differ in a single characteristic

Question 20

Principle of segregation

Answer 20

Each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic and only one is passed to offspring

Question 21

Independent assortment

Answer 21

Genes segregate independently when gamete’s are formed

Question 22

Concept of dominance

Answer 22

Two diff alleles are present in a genotype, only the trait dominant trait encoded is observed and the recessive traits is not seen

Question 23

Sutton

Answer 23

Chromosome theory, gene is located on the chromosome