Lecture 3: Lungs, Pleura & Bronchial Tree Flashcards
How many lobar bronchi in the right lung?
3
How many lobar bronchi in the left lung?
2
Where is the hilum of the right lung?
Across the 2 lobar bronchi (after the right main bronchus)
Where is the hilum of the left lung?
Across the left main bronchus
At what level does the trachea branch into the left and right main bronchus?
T4/5
What is the difference in position of the left and right bronchus?
Left: longer, thinner, more horizonal
Right: shorter, wider, more vertical
Which bronchus is food more likely to go down the wrong way and why?
The right because it is more vertical/wider
How many orders of branching are there from the trachea to the alveoli?
25
At what order is cartilage lost from the lower airways?
At the bronchioles
What is asthma?
Spasms of smooth muscle around the lower airways (bronchioles)
How many lobes & fissures are there typically in the right lung?
3 and 2 (horizontal and oblique)
How many lobes & fissures are there typically in the left lung?
2 and 1 (oblique)
Which lung has a cardiac notch and lingula?
Left
How do you distinguish between pulmonary arteries and veins?
Both follow similar branching patterns to airways
Pulmonary arteries: superior & posterior
Pulmonary veins: inferior & anterior
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there?
9-10 for each lung
What is typically seen at the hilum of the right lung?
Pulmonary artery (S & P) Pulmonary veins (I & A) 2 x Lobar bronchi Lymph nodes Bronchial arteries
What impressions are seen on the medial surface of the right lung?
Right brachiocephalic vein SVC Shallow cardiac impression Azygous vein Diaphragm
What is typically seen at the hilum of the left lung?
Pulmonary artery (S & P) Pulmonary veins (I & A) 1 x Lobar bronchi Lymph nodes Bronchial arteries
The vagus nerve runs ___ to the root of the lung while the phrenic nerve runs ___ to the root of the lung.
The vagus nerve runs posterior to the root of the lung while the phrenic nerves runs anterior to the root of the lung.
What impressions are seen on the medial surface of the left lung?
Diaphragm
Descending aorta
Arch of aorta
Deep cardiac impression
What is the sympathetic nerve supply to the lungs?
Where does it originate?
What is it’s action?
Spinal cord and sympathetic chain (T1-4)
Branches run A and P to bifurcation of the trachea then follow airways into lungs
Inhibit smooth muscles around bronchi (bronchodilation)
What is the parasympathetic nerve supply to the lungs?
Where does it originate?
What is it’s action?
Almost entirely vagus nerve
Motor to smooth muscles of bronchial tree (bronchoconstrictor)
Where do visceral sensory afferents run?
Along sympathetics T1-4 (nociceptive) and parasympathetic (reflexes from bronchiole mucosa)
What are the divisions of the lymphatics of the lungs?
Deep pulmonary vessels Lymph vessels in visceral pleura Hilar (bronchopulmonary) nodes Tracheal nodes Bronchomediastinal trunks (to systemic circulation)
What are the two recesses in the pleura?
Costomediastinal and costodiaphragmatic
What are the two layers of pleura?
Visceral and parietal (continuous)
What is the pulmonary ligament?
Where the visceral pleura reflects around the hilum
