Lecture 3 ( Lipids ) Flashcards

1
Q

Main three categories of Lipids

A

Simple lipids, Compound Lipids and Derived lipids

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2
Q

Monocarboxylic Acids Containing Even number of carbon atoms

A

Fatty Acids

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3
Q

Simple Lipids are made of

A

Fatty acid + alcohol (esters)

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4
Q

Compund Lipids are made of

A

Fatty acids + Alcohol + Other Group ( Simple lipid + other group)

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5
Q

A category of lipids which can be obtained from the hydrolysis of the other two

A

Derived Lipids

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6
Q

Mention the three types of identifying a carbon in the fatty acids and mention direction of numbering

A

1) 1 ,2,3,4 From the carboxylic group
2) alpha , beta , gamma , delta , epsilon from the carboxylic group
3) omega 1, omega 2, omega 3 ,…. from the methyl group

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7
Q

classification of the faty acids accordinig to bonds is either …. or ….

A

Saturated or Unsaturated

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8
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids are ( and mention the subcategories )

A

Fatty acids which has double bonds.
1. if it has only one then it’s called “Monoenoic (AKA monoethenoid)”
2. if it has more than one then it’s called polyenoic (PUFA)

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9
Q

The two families in the PUFA subcategory is

A

w3 and w6

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10
Q

The most Important SFA (Saturated Fatty acids) and mention it’s importance

A

palmatic acid
The most common in human tissues and produces TAG (Triacylglycerols)

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11
Q

Bio Medical Hazards of SFA

A

As it includes saturated fatty acids, it increases the cholestrol level which results in coronary heart diseases

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12
Q

Importance of Monoenoic Acids

A

Monoeic acid decreases plasma cholestrol

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13
Q

Importance of W6

A

Decrease Plasma cholestrol

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14
Q

importance of w3 (4 points)

A

1) Decrease Cholestrol which prevents Cardiovascular diseases
2) lower the blood pressure
3) lower triacylglycerol levels
4) lower the tendency of thrombosis

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15
Q

Nutritional Classification of F.A. (2 categories )

A

1) Essential ( not synthesized in body ) (essential in diet)
2) Non - Essential
Synthesized in body and not essential in diet

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16
Q

Examples of each nutirtional fatty acids

A

1) Essential
alpha lenolenic w3
lenoleic w6
2) Non Essential
any other fatty acids

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17
Q

Simple Lipids are either

A

1) Neutral Fats (TAGs )
2) Waxes

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18
Q

TAG is made of

A

3 fatty acids with glycerol

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19
Q

Waxes are made of

A

1 fatty acids with long chain monohydroxyl alcohol higher than glycerol

20
Q

Examples of conjugated lipids

A

Phospholipids
Glycolipids

21
Q

2 Examples of Phospholipids

A

Glycerophospholipids
Sphingomyelin

22
Q

Alcohol in Glycerophosphlipids

A

Glycerol

23
Q

Alcohol in sphingomyelin

A

Sphingosine

24
Q

Importance of Phospholipids ( 4 Points )

A
  1. Help digestion and absorbtion of Fats (emulsifying factor )
  2. Important constituent of cell membrane (Lipid bilayer )
  3. Important constituent of plasma lipoprotein (lipid and proiein ) soluble in water
  4. Amphipathic molecules
25
Q

Main Components of Glycolipids

A

Shingosine, Fatty acid and CHO

26
Q

Glycolipids is present in

A

Nervous tissue and RBCs

27
Q

Examples of glycolipids

A

Cerebroside , Gangliosides

28
Q

Derived lipids resulted from hydrolysis

A

Fatty acid
Alcohols

29
Q

Derived lipids which are associated with lipids

A

Steroids
Cartenoids
Vitamins ( K, E, D, A )

30
Q

Steroids is composed of (structure)

A

4 rings with 17 carbon atoms

31
Q

Types of steroids

A

Sterols
Bile acids
Steroid Hormones

32
Q

The most important animal sterol

A

Cholestrol

33
Q

Cholestrol is present in

A

All tissues but in higher concentration in brain , nervous tissue , liver , adrenals , gonads,, skin and adipose tissue

34
Q

precursor of cholestrol

A

Active acetate

35
Q

Normal level of cholestrol in blood

A

120-200 mg/dl

36
Q

Importance and derivatives of cholestrol

A
  1. Converted to bile acids and bile salts in liver
  2. Precursor of steroid hormones
  3. Source of vitamin D3
37
Q

Hazards of cholestrol and mention the level

A

> 200 mg/dl results in arthrosderosis and coronary heart disease

38
Q

Importance of Bile Acids

A
  1. Removes excessive Cholestrol by converting them to bile salts (bile salts is responsible for emulsification)
  2. Help in digestion and absorption of Fats
39
Q

Two categories of steroid hormones

A
  1. Sex Hormones
  2. Corticoids
40
Q

Male Sex hormone

A

Testesterone

41
Q

Female sex hormones

A

Estrogen: Estradol
progesterone

42
Q

Corticoids subcategories and their most important example

A

Glucocorticoides ( Cortisol )
Mineral corticoides (aldosterone)

43
Q

This vitamin
is essential for blood
clotting and healthy
bones. Without it, you
would bleed excessively
from a minor cut

A

Vitamin K

44
Q

This vitamin
is a powerful antioxidant
that helps protect your
cells from damage

A

Vitamin E

45
Q

Known as the
“sunshine vitamin,” your body
creates it from exposure
to sunlight. It’s important for
bone and muscle health and can
help protect you from
osteoporosis

A

Vitamin D

46
Q
A