Lecture 3 ( Lipids )

Question 1

Main three categories of Lipids

Answer 1

Simple lipids, Compound Lipids and Derived lipids

Question 2

Monocarboxylic Acids Containing Even number of carbon atoms

Answer 2

Fatty Acids

Question 3

Simple Lipids are made of

Answer 3

Fatty acid + alcohol (esters)

Question 4

Compund Lipids are made of

Answer 4

Fatty acids + Alcohol + Other Group ( Simple lipid + other group)

Question 5

A category of lipids which can be obtained from the hydrolysis of the other two

Answer 5

Derived Lipids

Question 6

Mention the three types of identifying a carbon in the fatty acids and mention direction of numbering

Answer 6

1) 1 ,2,3,4 From the carboxylic group
2) alpha , beta , gamma , delta , epsilon from the carboxylic group
3) omega 1, omega 2, omega 3 ,…. from the methyl group

Question 7

classification of the faty acids accordinig to bonds is either …. or ….

Answer 7

Saturated or Unsaturated

Question 8

Unsaturated fatty acids are ( and mention the subcategories )

Answer 8

Fatty acids which has double bonds.
1. if it has only one then it’s called “Monoenoic (AKA monoethenoid)”
2. if it has more than one then it’s called polyenoic (PUFA)

Question 9

The two families in the PUFA subcategory is

Answer 9

w3 and w6

Question 10

The most Important SFA (Saturated Fatty acids) and mention it’s importance

Answer 10

palmatic acid
The most common in human tissues and produces TAG (Triacylglycerols)

Question 11

Bio Medical Hazards of SFA

Answer 11

As it includes saturated fatty acids, it increases the cholestrol level which results in coronary heart diseases

Question 12

Importance of Monoenoic Acids

Answer 12

Monoeic acid decreases plasma cholestrol

Question 13

Importance of W6

Answer 13

Decrease Plasma cholestrol

Question 14

importance of w3 (4 points)

Answer 14

1) Decrease Cholestrol which prevents Cardiovascular diseases
2) lower the blood pressure
3) lower triacylglycerol levels
4) lower the tendency of thrombosis

Question 15

Nutritional Classification of F.A. (2 categories )

Answer 15

1) Essential ( not synthesized in body ) (essential in diet)
2) Non - Essential
Synthesized in body and not essential in diet

Question 16

Examples of each nutirtional fatty acids

Answer 16

1) Essential
alpha lenolenic w3
lenoleic w6
2) Non Essential
any other fatty acids

Question 17

Simple Lipids are either

Answer 17

1) Neutral Fats (TAGs )
2) Waxes

Question 18

TAG is made of

Answer 18

3 fatty acids with glycerol

Question 19

Waxes are made of

Answer 19

1 fatty acids with long chain monohydroxyl alcohol higher than glycerol

Question 20

Examples of conjugated lipids

Answer 20

Phospholipids
Glycolipids

Question 21

2 Examples of Phospholipids

Answer 21

Glycerophospholipids
Sphingomyelin

Question 22

Alcohol in Glycerophosphlipids

Answer 22

Glycerol

Question 23

Alcohol in sphingomyelin

Answer 23

Sphingosine

Question 24

Importance of Phospholipids ( 4 Points )

Answer 24

1. Help digestion and absorbtion of Fats (emulsifying factor )
2. Important constituent of cell membrane (Lipid bilayer )
3. Important constituent of plasma lipoprotein (lipid and proiein ) soluble in water
4. Amphipathic molecules

Question 25

Main Components of Glycolipids

Answer 25

Shingosine, Fatty acid and CHO

Question 26

Glycolipids is present in

Answer 26

Nervous tissue and RBCs

Question 27

Examples of glycolipids

Answer 27

Cerebroside , Gangliosides

Question 28

Derived lipids resulted from hydrolysis

Answer 28

Fatty acid Alcohols

Question 29

Derived lipids which are associated with lipids

Answer 29

Steroids Cartenoids Vitamins ( K, E, D, A )

Question 30

Steroids is composed of (structure)

Answer 30

4 rings with 17 carbon atoms

Question 31

Types of steroids

Answer 31

Sterols Bile acids Steroid Hormones

Question 32

The most important animal sterol

Answer 32

Cholestrol

Question 33

Cholestrol is present in

Answer 33

All tissues but in higher concentration in brain , nervous tissue , liver , adrenals , gonads,, skin and adipose tissue

Question 34

precursor of cholestrol

Answer 34

Active acetate

Question 35

Normal level of cholestrol in blood

Answer 35

120-200 mg/dl

Question 36

Importance and derivatives of cholestrol

Answer 36

1. Converted to bile acids and bile salts in liver 2. Precursor of steroid hormones 3. Source of vitamin D3

Question 37

Hazards of cholestrol and mention the level

Answer 37

>200 mg/dl results in arthrosderosis and coronary heart disease

Question 38

Importance of Bile Acids

Answer 38

1. Removes excessive Cholestrol by converting them to bile salts (bile salts is responsible for emulsification) 2. Help in digestion and absorption of Fats

Question 39

Two categories of steroid hormones

Answer 39

1. Sex Hormones 2. Corticoids

Question 40

Male Sex hormone

Answer 40

Testesterone

Question 41

Female sex hormones

Answer 41

Estrogen: Estradol progesterone

Question 42

Corticoids subcategories and their most important example

Answer 42

Glucocorticoides ( Cortisol ) Mineral corticoides (aldosterone)

Question 43

This vitamin is essential for blood clotting and healthy bones. Without it, you would bleed excessively from a minor cut

Answer 43

Vitamin K

Question 44

This vitamin is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect your cells from damage

Answer 44

Vitamin E

Question 45

Known as the “sunshine vitamin,” your body creates it from exposure to sunlight. It’s important for bone and muscle health and can help protect you from osteoporosis

Answer 45

Vitamin D