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Block 4 Module 4 > Lecture 3: Leg and Foot > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

weight bearing bone of the leg

A

tibia

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2
Q

largest sesamoid bone (developed from the
quadriceps femoris muscle tendon in front of the knee
joint)

A

patella

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3
Q

non- weight bearing bone of the leg

A

fibula

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4
Q

Deep Fascia is absent over the subcutaneous part of _____

A

medial surface of tibia;

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5
Q

what are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A 
Tibialis anterior (most prominent)
Extensor hallucis longus (extensor of big foot)
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius
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6
Q

Blood supply of anterior compartment of the leg

A

Anterior tibial artery (brand of popliteal

artery)

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7
Q

Nerve Supply of anterior compartment of leg

A

Deep peroneal nerve

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8
Q

action of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Extension/ dorsiflexion

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9
Q

biggest compartment of the leg

A

posterior compartment

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10
Q

Superficial Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg.

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus (biggest muscle of leg)
Plantaris/ “Freshman’s nerve” (mistaken as nerve due to its long tendon

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11
Q

Deep Muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

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12
Q

Blood supply of posterior compartment of the leg

A

Posteriortibial artery

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13
Q

nerve supply of posterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibial nerve

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14
Q

action of posterior compartment of the leg

A

Plantar flexion

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15
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Peroneus longus/ Fibularis longus

Peroneus brevis/ Fibularis brevis

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16
Q

nerve supply of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

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17
Q

action of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Eversion

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18
Q

what are the derivatives of deep fascia in the leg?

A

Interosseous membrane
Ant. Fascial septum
Post. Fascial septum
Deep transverse fascia

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19
Q

deep fascia between fibula and tibia

A

Interosseous membrane

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20
Q

deep fascia that divides ant. and lat.

compartments

A

Ant. Fascial septum

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21
Q

deep fascia that divides ant. and lat.

compartments

A

Ant. Fascial septum

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22
Q

deep fascia that divides post. deep and post.

superficial compartments

A

Deep transverse fascia

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23
Q 
The impingement of
the neurovascular bundle because fascial
compartment prevents outward swelling of
muscle; may cause ischemia; most common in
lower extremities.
A

Compartment syndrome

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24
Q

incisions made in the fascia to release pressure and treat compartment syndrome (posteriomedial and anteriolateral incision)

A

Fasciotomy

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25
Q

dorsum muscles of the foot

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

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26
Q

1st layer in the sole muscles

A

Abd. hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abd. digiti minimi

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27
Q

2nd layer in the sole muscles

A

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals – 2nd to 5th digits
Flexor hallucis longus tendon
Flexor digitorum longus tendon

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28
Q

3rd layer in the sole muscles

A

Flexor hallucis breves
Add. Hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

29
Q

4th layer in the sole muscles

A

Interossei
Peroneus longus tendon
Tibialis post. tendon

30
Q

Thickened bands of deep fascia around the ankle joint

A

RETINACULA OF ANKLE

31
Q

extensor retinaculum that binds tendons of muscles of anterior leg compartment

A

Superior extensor retinaculum “Transverse Ligament”

32
Q

what structure does superior extensor retinaculum (transverse ligament) cover in the medial/ tibial side and covered w/ synovial sheath?

A

Tibialis anterior

33
Q

what structure does superior extensor retinaculum (transverse ligament) cover in the lateral/ ulnar side and w/o synovial sheath?

A

Ext. hallucis longus
Ext. digitorum longus
Peroneus tertius

34
Q

Y- shaped
• more important since it holds more structures
• B1. Stem – lateral side
• B2. Upper – medial malleolus
• B3. Lower – continuous w/ plantar fascia

A

Inferior extensor retinaculum “Cruciate Ligament”

35
Q

retinaculum behind the medial malleolus to medial calcaneum

A

FLEXOR RETINACULUM “TARSAL TUNNEL” (MEDIAL)

36
Q

structures covered by the flexor retinaculum/tarsal tunnel

A 
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitalis longus
 Artery: Post. tibial
Nerve: Tibial
Flexor hallucis longus
37
Q

retinacula that binds tendons from lateral leg compartment

A

peroneal retinacula

38
Q

retinaculum that Binds Peroneus and Peroneus brevis due to common synovial sheath

A

Superior peroneal retinaculum

39
Q

It is the continuation of inferior extensor retinaculum (stem of
Y) on the lateral side. It binds Peroneus longus and brevis (with separate synovial sheath)

A

Inferior peroneal retinaculum

40
Q

Deep fascia of the foot

A

PLANTAR APONEUROSIS

41
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE LEG?

A

From branches of popliteal artery (after adductor

hiatus)

42
Q

A branch of popliteal artery that:

• Move to anterior by piercing through the interosseous
membrane
• Smaller
• Supplies anterior fascial compartment

A

ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

43
Q

A branch of popliteal artery that:

  • Larger
  • supplies bigger post. compartments
A

POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

44
Q

• Divides medial and lateral plantar artery  branch to

peroneal artery  goes down becomes dorsalis pedis

A

POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

45
Q
  • Branch of post. tibial artery from post. tibial artery
  • Pierces post. fascial septum
  • Blood supply of lateral compartment
A

PERONEAL ARTERY/ FIBULAR ARTERY

46
Q
  • Arterial blood supply of dorsal foot
  • Continuation of ant. tibial artery
  • Farthest palpable artery
A

Dorsalis pedis

47
Q

a vessel that connects
dorsalis pedis with lateral plantar artery by passing
between the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to form
plantar arch

A

deep plantar artery

48
Q

arterial supply in the plantar and medial side of the big toe

A

Medial plantar artery

49
Q

arterial supply in the plantar and lateral side of the big toe

A

Lateral plantar artery

50
Q

Vein that drains the whole foot

A

Dorsal venous arch

51
Q

Dorsal venous arch drains to ____ in the medial malleolus and ___ in the lateral mallelous.

A

great saphenous

small saphenous

52
Q

small saphenous drains to _____

A

Popliteal vein and/or Great saphenous vein

53
Q

deep veins of the foot

A

Venae Comitantes

54
Q

Venae Comitantes drains to ____

A

Popliteal vein

55
Q

The one responsible for venous pump

A

Venae Comitantes

56
Q

deep veins move blood upward
due to contraction of large muscle soleus and
pulsation of adjacent arteries

A

venous pump

note:
Contraction: veins constrict - valves open- blood is pumped upward

Relaxation: veins dilate- valves close- blood stays

57
Q

common in elderly
after a long plane ride; manifested by difficulty in
breathing

A

deep venous thrombosis

58
Q

worse deep venous

thrombosis

A

pulmonary embolism

59
Q

prolonged
relaxation of calf muscles causes thrombosis in
the vein

A

deep venous insufficiency

60
Q

Communicating vessels between superficial and deep veins of the leg

A

PERFORATING VEINS

61
Q

Dysfunctional valves: flow of blood reverses causing

A

varicose veins

62
Q

nerve that is sensory to the skin of dorsum except 1st web space
and lateral side of little toe

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

63
Q

nerve that is sensory to the skin of 1st web space

A

Deep peroneal nerve

64
Q

loss of eversion in the ankle joint results from the injury of what nerve?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

65
Q

loss of dorsiflexion, loss of extension of tones, sensory loss at 1st web space of the foot results from the injury of what nerve?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

66
Q 
ARCH OF MOVEMENT (not included in footprint)
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms
3 inner metatarsals
A

MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH

67
Q

WEIGHT BEARING (forms footprint)
Calcaneus
Cuboid
2 outer metatarsals

A

LATERAL LONGITUDINAL ARCH

68
Q

Forms half an arch(rainbow-shaped)

Bases of the 5 metatarsals and the cuboid and cuneiforms

A

TRANSVERSE ARCH

Block 4 Module 4 (3 decks)

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