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Block 4 Module 4 > Lecture 2: Hip, Knee Complex And Ankle Joint > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Hip, Knee Complex And Ankle Joint Flashcards

1
Q

A structure projecting in the posterior ischium which intervenes the greater and lesser sciatic notches.

A

Ischial spine

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2
Q

It is where hamstring muscles originate.

A

Ischial tuberosity

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3
Q

Obturator foramen is filled by —— membrane

A

Obturator membrane

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4
Q

Maximum contact or closed packed position of the hip joint

A

Flexion
Slight external rotation
Slight abduction

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5
Q

Inferior deficient margin of acetabulum

A

Acetabular notch

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6
Q

Articular surface of acetabulum

A

Lunate surface

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7
Q

Angle of torsion in hip joint.

A

12-15 degrees

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8
Q

Angle of inclination of hip joint

A

126 degrees

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9
Q

A ligament contained inside the acetabular fossa

A

Ligamentum teres

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10
Q

Tension in ligamentum teres occurs during:

A

Add+flexion+external rotation

Add+ext+internal rotation

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11
Q

Small depression in the head o femur

A

Fovea capitis

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12
Q

Normal orientation of femur neck

A

Downward, backward, laterally

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13
Q

Extends SUPERIORLY from the shaft and lateral to the region where the shaft joins the neck and femur

A

Greater trochanter

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14
Q

It is where quadrate tubercle is found

A

Intertrochanteric crest

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15
Q

Angle created by shaft along the vertical axis from lateral to medial

A

7 degrees

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16
Q

It is where muscles and intermuscular septa are attached.

A

Linea aspera

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17
Q

Linea aspera diverge superiorly into ——- in superior medial direction, and ——— in superior lateral direction.

A

Pectineal

Gluteal tuberosity

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18
Q

Linea aspera diverge inferiorly into —— and ——-

A

Medial supracondylar ridge and lateral supracondylar ridge

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19
Q

A flat triangular surface on the posterior inferior shaft.

A

Popliteal surface

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20
Q

Lateral and medial condyles are separated posteriorly by ——.

A

Intercondylar notch

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21
Q

——- tubercle found in the medial epicondyle. It is where adductor muscles insert.

A

Adductor tubercle in the medial epicondyle

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22
Q

The cavity of the acetabulum is deepened by ——-

A

Acetabular labrum

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23
Q

Ligament that bridges that acetabular notch

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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24
Q

Nerve supply in the hip joint

A

Sciatic, obturator, femoral, nerve to quadratus femoris

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25
Q

3 Ligaments of the hip joint

A

Ischiofemoral
Pubofemoral
Iliofemoral

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26
Q

Strong inverted y-shaped ligament of bigelow.
Attached to AIIS
Insert to trochanteric line

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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27
Q

Action of iliofemoral ligament

A

limits overextension

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28
Q

Action of pubofemoral ligament

A

Limits both extension and ABDUCTION

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29
Q

Action of ischiofemoral ligament (a spiral shaped ligament)

A

Limits extension

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30
Q

What are the movements possible in the hip joint?

A

Flex, extend, abd, add, lateral and medial rotation, circumduction

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31
Q

Flexor muscles of the hip joint

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus

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32
Q

Extensor muscles of the hip joint

A

Gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles (except the short head of biceps femoris)

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33
Q

ROM of extension and flexion at hip joint

A

Ext: 0-10 degrees
Flex: 120 degrees (if knee is flexed) and 70-90 degrees if knee is extended

Limitation of flexion when knee joint is extended is due to tension in the hamstring muscles.

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34
Q

Abductor muscles of the hip joint

A

Gluteus medius,
gluteus minimus,
tensor fascia lata,
piriformis

35
Q

ROM of hip joint abduction

A

45 degrees

36
Q

Abduction in the hip joint is limited by what ligament.

A

Pubofemoral ligament

37
Q

Adductor muscles of the hip joint

A

Adductor group
Pectineus
Gracilis

38
Q

ROM of adduction in the hip joint.

A

30 degrees

39
Q

What limits adduction in the hip joint?

A

Contact with the opposite limb and

Tension in the ligament in the head of femur

40
Q

Lateral/external rotator muscles of the hip joint

A 
Piriformis
Deep gluteal muscles 
  -quadratus femoris
  -gemelli inferior and superior
  -obturator externus and internus
Gluteus maximus
Biceps femoris long head
41
Q

Internal/medial rotator muscles of the hip joint

A

Gluteus minimus
Gluteus medius
Tensor fascia lata

SECONDARY ACTORS
Semimebranosus
Semitendonosus
Adductor magnus 
Adductor longus
42
Q

ROM of medial rotation in hip joint

A

60 degrees

43
Q

ROM of lateral rotation in the hip joint

A

30 degrees

44
Q

Bones included in the knee complex

A

Tibia, femur, patella

No fibula!

45
Q

Joints in the knee complex

A

Femorotibial joint

Patellofemoral joint

46
Q

Femorotibial joint is most stable in ———

47
Q

What joint type does patellofemoral joint belong?

A

Plane gliding joint

48
Q

This joint functions as pulley for the quadriceps femoris group.

A

Patellofemoral joint

49
Q

2 types of ligaments in the knee complex

A

Extracapsular

Intracapsular

50
Q

What are the 4 extracapsular ligaments found in the knee complex?

A

Ligamentum patellae
Oblique popliteal
Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament

51
Q

Ligament attached to the lower border of patella and below the tibial tuberosity.

A

Ligamentum patellae

52
Q

Tendinous expansion of the SEMIMEMBRANOSUS muscle

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

53
Q

Ligament attached above to lateral condyle of femur and below tibular head.

A

Lateral collateral ligament

54
Q

Ligament attached above to medial condyle of femur and below tibular head.

A

Medial collateral ligament

55
Q

Action of lateral collateral ligament.

A

Prevents adduction of tibia on femur

It is taut on extension, slack on flexion

56
Q

Prevents abduction of tibia on femur

A

Medial collateral ligament

57
Q

What are the 3 intracapsular ligaments found in the knee complex?

A

Menisci
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament

58
Q

C chaoed fibrocartilage sheet

59
Q

Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on tibia

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

60
Q

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on tibia

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

61
Q

In drawers test:
If tibia translates anteriorly-it results to ——-
If tibia translates posteriorly-it results to ——-

A

ACL tear

PCL tear

62
Q

Are peripheral borders attached to capsule
Inner border is thin and concave
Functions to deepen articular surface
Serves as cushion
Attached to tibia through their horns in the intercondylar fossa

63
Q

What are the bursae found in the anterior knee?

A

Suprapatellar
(inflammation: stiff knee)

Prepatellar
(inflammation: house maids knee)

Superficial interpatellar

Deep interpatellar
      (inflammation: vicars knee)
64
Q

Extensor muscles of the knee joint.

A

Quadriceps femoris group

65
Q

Flexor muscles of the knee joint

A

Posterior superficial muscles (biceps femoris, semitendosus and membranosus)
Gracilis
Popliteus

66
Q

Medial rotators of the knee

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendonosus

67
Q

Lateral rotator of the knee

A

Biceps femoris

68
Q

ROM Flexion of the knee

A

120 to 150 degrees

69
Q

ROM extension of the knee

A

Hyperextension not more than 15 degrees

70
Q

Mechanism where in the last 20 degrees of knee extension, the tibia externally rotates 10-20 degrees on the fixed femur, the femur internally rotates on tibia
-it occurs in active and passive knee extension

A

Screw home

71
Q

Joint between the tibia and the crus

A

Talocrural joint

72
Q

Bones included in the ankle joint

A

Talus, medial malleolus of tibia, and lateral mallelus of fibula

73
Q

2 types of ligaments in the ankle joint

A

Medial/deltoid ligament

Lateral ligament

74
Q

What are the 4 medial collateral ligaments in the ankle joint?

A

Tibionavicular (superficial)
Calcaneotibial ligament (superficial)
Anterior talotibial ligament (deep) limits plantarflexion
Posterior talotibial ligament (deep) limite dorsiflexion

75
Q

What are the 3 lateral collateral ligaments found in the ankle joint?

A 
Anterior talofibular ligament (limits plantarflexion)
Calcaneofibular ligament (from lateral malleolus to calcaneum)
Posterior talofibular (limits dorsiflexion)
76
Q

Muscles for dorsiflexion of ankle joint.

A

Anterior compartment of the leg

  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor digitorium longus
  • tibialis anterior
  • peroneus tertius
77
Q

Muscles for plantarflexion of ankle joint.

A

Posterior and lateral muscles of the leg

  • peroneus tertius brevis and longus
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • flexor digitorium longus
78
Q

ROM For plantarflexion of the ankle joint

A

35 degrees

79
Q

ROM For dorsiflexion of the ankle joint

A

25 degrees

80
Q

Nerve supply for ankle joints

A

Deep peroneal and tibial nerves

81
Q

*choose one inside the parenthesis

Acute sprains of the lateral ankle is causes by excessive (INVERSION or EVERSION) of the foot with (PLANTARFLEXION OR DORSIFLEXION) of the ankle.

——— and ——- ligaments are partially torn, causing great pain and local swelling.

A

Inversion
Plantarflexion
Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

82
Q

*choose one inside the parenthesis

Acute sprains of the medial ankle is caused by excessive (INVERSION or EVERSION) of the foot.

——— ligament is affected.

A

Eversion

Medial/deltoid ligament

83
Q

Fracture dislocations of the ankle joint is caused by forced ———-

A

External rotation and over eversion of the foot

Block 4 Module 4 (3 decks)

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