Lecture 3: Leading Causes of Mortality, 0-5 Years Flashcards
What are the leading causes of mortality in the developing world for ages 0-5?
- Perinatal/neonatal conditions
- Lower respiratory infections
- Diarrheal diseases
- Malaria
What are the leading causes of mortality in the developed world for ages 0-5?
- Perinatal/neonatal conditions
- Congenital anomalies
- Lower respiratory infections
- Unintentional injuries
What makes up the perinatal time period?
Period from later half of pregnancy (22 weeks) through the first week after birth.
What makes up the neonatal time period?
First month after birth
What are the common peri/neonatal conditions?
- Birth trauma/Obstructed/Prolonged Labor
- Preterm birth/low birth weight
- Birth asphyxia
- Infections
What can prevent prenatal conditions?
- Proper nutrition and prenatal care
- Skilled healthcare workers
Lower Respiratory Infection - Pneumonia
Explain how if infects, its diagnosis (x-rays & direct fluorescence assay)
What are the difference between diagnosis of pneumonia in the developed and developing world?
Developed
- X-rays
- DFA
Developing
- Coughing
- Rapid breathing
- Cyanosis (blue nailbeds)
- Chest indrawing
- Sometimes x-rays
Pneumonia: Treatment
Depends on if viral or bacterial.
Pneumonia: Prevention
- Vaccine
- Hib, PCV,
- Cleanliness
What are the 4 types of diarrhea and their causes?
Osmotic (water is drawn into the lumen), Secretory (water is being secreted into the lumen), Inflammatory (caused by infection), Motility (accelerated GI tract time)
Diarrheal Disease: Cholera
Extreme loss of water, can lead to death in 1 day if nor properly treated
Cholera: Treatment
Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT): specific mixture of water, salt, and sugar. Although it is less expensive that IV therapy, not used clinically.
Rotavirus Vaccine
Many children infected with rotavirus, can cause vomiting making ORT difficult to administer (although still affective)
Malaria
Spread by mosquitos carrying parasite that infects humans. You should understand the life cycle.
