Lecture 3: investigative interviewing Flashcards
What is the enhanced cognitive interview?
based on the idea of cognitive psychology: how can we help people best recall the crime
encoding specificity principle: memory works best when the context at retrieval matches the context at encoding
Multiple-component view of memory: many components to memory, try to activate them all
Explain the 4 techniques used in enhanced cognitive interview (reinstatement of context, in-depth reporting, report from different perspectives, change temporal order of events)
Reinstatement of context
-> try to bring the person back to the event
-> both internally and externally (what was there, what could you smell, etc…)
In-depth reporting
-> recall every detail
-> helps person to remember more and ensure person shares all the information, rather than just what they think is important
Report from different perspectives
-> what did another witness or victim see/hear
-> helps to provide additional information the individual thinks is not important
Change temporal order of events
-> requires people to focus on the actual memory
-> could reveal new information
What makes a suspect confess?
-> appropriate disclosure of evidence
-> emphasis of contradictions
-> repetitive questioning and challenging of account
-> interviewer demonstrating concern
What is the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales?
Method to measure how suggestible someone is (how much a person’s memory and answers can be influenced immediately after being asked leading or pressuring questions)
Measures
YIELD: how many suggestive questions did they answer incorrectly
SHIFT: did they correct their mistakes when told to do so
What are criticism of the GSS?
People with intellectual disabilities
Internal consistency reliability
-> SHIFT measure has low reliability
Cognitive load
-> its a mentally taxing task, so people may just lie
Validitiy issues
-> does it really measure suggestibility or just compliance
